تاثیر اسید سالیسیلیک بر عملکرد اندام‌های رویشی و مواد موثره استویا (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : تنشمهرداد ملکی 1 , حمید سبحانیان 2 , عنایت اله یزدان پناه 3 , عباس ملکی 4
1 - گروه زیست شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 4697-19395، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه زیست شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 4697-19395، تهران، ایران.
3 - گروه زیست شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 4697-19395، تهران، ایران.
4 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
کلید واژه: استویا, ترکیبات فنلی, کم‌آبی, قند قابل برداشت, گلیکوزید,
چکیده مقاله :
این بررسی به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر عملکرد و مواد موثره استویا تحت تنش خشکی انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح اسپلیت پلات و در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقات شهرستان سرآبله واقع در استان ایلام در سال 1400-1399 اجرا شد. تنش خشکی در سه سطح 100 (شاهد)، 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی مزرعه و تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک در 2 سطح عدم مصرف و محلول پاشی (با غلظت 1 میلی مولار) بود. در این بررسی ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی، وزن خشک ساقه، وزن خشک برگ، عملکرد ماده خشک کل، قند قابل برداشت، پروتئین، پرولین، کلروفیل کل، استویوزید، گلیکوزید، ریبودیوزید و ترکیبات فنلی اندازه گیری شد. یافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک کل در شاهد و مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک به مقدار 2/77 گرم در گیاه حاصل شد که نسبت به کمترین عملکرد ماده خشک کل یعنی تیمار 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک 34 درصد افزایش نشان داد. همچنین در تمام سطوح تنش خشکی مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک موجب افزایش عملکرد ماده خشک کل شد.. در تیمار عدم اعمال تنش خشکی کمترین قند در بوته و در تیمار با اسید سالیسیلیک، میزان گلیکوزید بیشتر از شاهد بود. به طور کلی تنش خشکی موجب کاهش مقدار قند و سایر صفات رشدی گیاه استویا شد و در این بین مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک علاوه بر آنکه به تنهایی موجب بهبود خصویات کمی و کیفی گیاه استویا شد، در سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی نیز موجب بهبود عملکرد این گیاه شد که این نتیجه بسیار حائز اهمیت است.
This study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in a research farm in Sarableh, Ilam during 2020-2021. Drought stress in 3 levels (control or 100% of field capacity, 75% of field capacity, and 50% of field capacity) and salicylic acid treatment in 2 levels (non-consumption and foliar application with a concentration of 1 mM) were applied. Plant height, number of periphery shoots, dry weight of stems and leaves, total dry matter yield, extractable sugars, and protein, proline, total chlorophyll, stevioside, glycoside, rebaudioside, and phenolic compound contents were assayed in the study. Findings showed that the highest total dry matter yield were obtained in irrigation control and salicylic acid consumption (77.2 g per plant), showing 34% increase compared to the lowest total dry matter yield obtained under 50% of field capacity irrigation and no salicylic acid consumption 34%. Also, in all drought stress treatments, applying salicylic acid improved total dry matter yield. In the treatment with no drought stress, the lowest sugar contents per plant were observed and in the treatment with salicylic acid the glucoside contents were more than the control. In general, drought stress reduced the amount of sugar and other growth traits of stevia plants. Applying salicylic acid in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of the stevia, improved the plant’s yield under various levels of drought stress, which is very important
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Ali, F., Bano, A. and Fazal, A., (2017). Recent methods of drought stress tolerance in plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 82(3), pp.363-375.
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Bahamin, S., Parsa, S., Ghoreishi, S. (2013). The Examination of Effects of Growth Stimulating and Salinity Bacteria on the Characteristics of Mentha spicata leaves. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4 (9), 2119-2125.
Bahamin, S., Sohrab, M., Mohammad, A. B., Behroz, K. T., & Qorbanali, A. (2014). Effect of bio-fertilizer, manure and chemical fertilizer on yield and reproductive characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). International Journal Research Agriculture Environmental Sciense, 3(1), 36-43.
Bahari Sarvai, S.H. Gholami, A., Pirdashti, H., Baradaran Firoozabadi, M., Asghari, H.R. (2021). Growth and physiological response of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni to the coexistence of endophytic fungi and polyamine spermidine foliar application under saline conditions. Environmental stresses in agricultural sciences, 14 (1): 241-263. (In Persian).
Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and soil, 39(1), 205-207.
Belkhadi, A., Hediji, H., Abbes, Z., Nouairi, Z., Barhoumi, M., Zarrouk, W., Chaibi, W. and Djebali, W. (2010). Effects of exogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment on cadmium toxicity and leaf lipid content in Linum usitatissimum L.. Ecotoxico.logy and Environmental Safety 73: 1003011.
Chang, C., M. Yang, H. Wen and J. Chern. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal Food Drug Analaysis, 10: 178-182.
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EL-Tayeb, M.A. (2005). Response of barley gains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regular. 45: 215- 225.
Erfani, S., rezaei, M., Farahvash, F., Mahmoudjanlo, M. (2022). The effect of nano potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Calendula officinalis L. under water stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 17(65), 66-85. (In Persian).
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., & Basra, S. M. A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for sustainable development, 29(1), 185-212.
Fathi, A., Bahamin, S. (2018). The effect of irrigation levels and foliar application (zinc, humic acid and salicylic acid) on growth characteristics, yield and yield components of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 11(3), 661-674. (In Persian).
Figueroa-Pérez, M. G., Gallegos-Corona, M. A., Ramos-Gomez, M., & Reynoso-Camacho, R. (2015). Salicylic acid elicitation during cultivation of the peppermint plant improves anti-diabetic effects of its infusions. Food & function, 6(6), 1865-1874.
Foladvand, F., Khoshkhabar, H., Naghdi, N., Hosseinabadi, M., Bahamin, S., Fathi, A. (2017). The effect of sowing date and nitrogen on yield, and essential oil of German chamomile. Scientia Agriculturae, 19 (3): 85-92.
Garzi, A., Omidi, H., Bostan, A. (2019). Effect of Stevia rebaudiana seed priming treatments with salicylic acid, iron and zinc on some germination traits and photosynthetic pigments under drought stress. Iranian Seed Research, 6 (2): 125-135. (In Persian).
Gerami, M., Hamdian, A., Akbarpour, V. (2019). Investigation of the effect of putrescine and salicylic acid on some physiological and antioxidant properties of Stevia rebaudiana B. in salinity conditions. Journal of Crop Breeding, 11 (29): 40-54. (In Persian).
Hassanpour, H., & Niknam, V. (2014). Investigation of drought stress effect on growth and antioxidant enzymes activity in Mentha pulegium L. Journal of plant process and function. Vol. 3(8(, 25-34. (In Persian).
Jalili, Kh., and Moradi, H., Jalili, J. (2021). Evaluation of the effects of climate change on water needs of agricultural products using the Lars-WG model, Fifth International Congress on Agricultural Development, Natural Resources, Environment and Tourism of Iran, Tabriz. (In Persian).
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Kardoni, F., Bahamin, S., Khalil Tahmasebi, B., Ghavim-Sadati, S., Vahdani, S. (2019). Yield Comparisons of Mung-bean as Affected by Its Different Nutritions (Chemical, Biological and Integration) under Tillage Systems. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 13(49(1)), 87-102. (In Persian).
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Khoshkhabar, H., Jafari, M. Feilinezhad, A., Bahamin, S. (2015). Effect of Sodium Silicate on the Yield and Yield Components of Pea under Salinity Stress. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 7(1): 1045-1049.
Koushesh, M., Arzani, K. and Barzegar, M. (2012). Postharvest polyamine application alleviates chilling injury and affects apricot storage ability. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 8947-8953.
Maleki, A., Fathi, A., Bahamin, S. (2020). The effect of gibberellin hormone on yield, growth indices, and biochemical traits of corn (Zea Mays L.) under drought stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 15(59), 1-16. (In Persian).
Mamta, P.R., P. Vijaylata, G. Arvind, S. Bikram, K.B. Ravinder and T. Rupinder. (2010). Stimulatory effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on plant growth, stevioside and rebaudioside-A contents of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Applied Soil Ecology, 46: 222-229.
Mehravaran, L., Omidi, M., Naghavi, M.R., Fakheri, B. (2019). Effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on the expression of 13-hydroxylase kaurnic acid gene involved in the biosynthetic pathway of steviol glycosides in stevia. Journal of Modern Genetics, 14 (2): 89-99. (In Persian).
Modi AR, Patil G, Kumar N, Singh AS, Subhash N. (2012). A simple and efficient in vitro mass multiplication procedure for Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and analysis of genetic fidelity of in vitro raised plants through RAPD. Suger Technology. 3(5), 17-33.
Moghaddam, M., Mehdizade, L., Farsari, S. (2022). Effect of salicylic acid application on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 17(65), 54-65. (In Persian).
Murtaza G., Asghar R. and Abdul Majid S. (2010). Changes in specific activity of ascorbate peroxidase during seed development of pea (Pisum sativum L.) treated with salicylic acid. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 5333-5337.
Popova, L.P., Maslenkova, L.T., Yordanova R.Y., Ivanova, A.P., Krantev, A.P., Szalai, G., and Janda, T. (2009). Exogenous treatment with salicylic acid attenuates cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings. Plant Physiology Biochemical, 47:22431.
Rahimi, Y., Taleei, A., & Ranjbar, M. (2017). Changes in the expression of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of menthol and menthofuran in Mentha piperita L. under drought stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39(9), 203.
Rasouli, D., Solouki, M., Fakheri, B., & Esmaelzadeh, B. s. (2016). Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes activities, proline, soluble sugars, photosynthetic pigments and essential oils of Mentha piperita L. in response to foliar application of salicylic acid and manganese stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32)1(, 71-82. (In Farsi).
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Abbasi, A., Maleki, A., babaei, F., safari, H., rangin, A. (2022). The effect of zinc sulfate and gibberellic acid on gas exchange and white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) performance under drought stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 17(65), 1-18. (In Persian).
Ali, F., Bano, A. and Fazal, A., (2017). Recent methods of drought stress tolerance in plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 82(3), pp.363-375.
Arnon DI. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1-15.
Bahamin, S., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Behashti, S. (2021). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on yield and nutrient efficiency indices in maize under drought stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 14(3), 675-690. (In Persian).
Bahamin, S., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Beheshti, S. (2019). Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative productivity of maize under drought stress conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 12(1), 123-139. (In Persian).
Bahamin, S., Parsa, S., Ghoreishi, S. (2013). The Examination of Effects of Growth Stimulating and Salinity Bacteria on the Characteristics of Mentha spicata leaves. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4 (9), 2119-2125.
Bahamin, S., Sohrab, M., Mohammad, A. B., Behroz, K. T., & Qorbanali, A. (2014). Effect of bio-fertilizer, manure and chemical fertilizer on yield and reproductive characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). International Journal Research Agriculture Environmental Sciense, 3(1), 36-43.
Bahari Sarvai, S.H. Gholami, A., Pirdashti, H., Baradaran Firoozabadi, M., Asghari, H.R. (2021). Growth and physiological response of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni to the coexistence of endophytic fungi and polyamine spermidine foliar application under saline conditions. Environmental stresses in agricultural sciences, 14 (1): 241-263. (In Persian).
Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and soil, 39(1), 205-207.
Belkhadi, A., Hediji, H., Abbes, Z., Nouairi, Z., Barhoumi, M., Zarrouk, W., Chaibi, W. and Djebali, W. (2010). Effects of exogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment on cadmium toxicity and leaf lipid content in Linum usitatissimum L.. Ecotoxico.logy and Environmental Safety 73: 1003011.
Chang, C., M. Yang, H. Wen and J. Chern. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal Food Drug Analaysis, 10: 178-182.
Dawoudian, J., Bahamin, S., & Tantoh, H. B. (2021). Environmental impact assessment of cement industries using mathematical matrix method: case of Ghayen cement, South Khorasan, Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(18), 22348-22358.
Dehestani-Ardakani, M., Ghatei, P., Momenpour, A., Gholamnezhad, J., Fakharipour, Z. (2022). Effect of salicylic acid foliar application on flowering and growth characteristics of lantana (Lantana camara Linn.) under salinity stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 16(64), 1-23. (In Persian).
EL-Tayeb, M.A. (2005). Response of barley gains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regular. 45: 215- 225.
Erfani, S., rezaei, M., Farahvash, F., Mahmoudjanlo, M. (2022). The effect of nano potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Calendula officinalis L. under water stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 17(65), 66-85. (In Persian).
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., & Basra, S. M. A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for sustainable development, 29(1), 185-212.
Fathi, A., Bahamin, S. (2018). The effect of irrigation levels and foliar application (zinc, humic acid and salicylic acid) on growth characteristics, yield and yield components of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 11(3), 661-674. (In Persian).
Figueroa-Pérez, M. G., Gallegos-Corona, M. A., Ramos-Gomez, M., & Reynoso-Camacho, R. (2015). Salicylic acid elicitation during cultivation of the peppermint plant improves anti-diabetic effects of its infusions. Food & function, 6(6), 1865-1874.
Foladvand, F., Khoshkhabar, H., Naghdi, N., Hosseinabadi, M., Bahamin, S., Fathi, A. (2017). The effect of sowing date and nitrogen on yield, and essential oil of German chamomile. Scientia Agriculturae, 19 (3): 85-92.
Garzi, A., Omidi, H., Bostan, A. (2019). Effect of Stevia rebaudiana seed priming treatments with salicylic acid, iron and zinc on some germination traits and photosynthetic pigments under drought stress. Iranian Seed Research, 6 (2): 125-135. (In Persian).
Gerami, M., Hamdian, A., Akbarpour, V. (2019). Investigation of the effect of putrescine and salicylic acid on some physiological and antioxidant properties of Stevia rebaudiana B. in salinity conditions. Journal of Crop Breeding, 11 (29): 40-54. (In Persian).
Hassanpour, H., & Niknam, V. (2014). Investigation of drought stress effect on growth and antioxidant enzymes activity in Mentha pulegium L. Journal of plant process and function. Vol. 3(8(, 25-34. (In Persian).
Jalili, Kh., and Moradi, H., Jalili, J. (2021). Evaluation of the effects of climate change on water needs of agricultural products using the Lars-WG model, Fifth International Congress on Agricultural Development, Natural Resources, Environment and Tourism of Iran, Tabriz. (In Persian).
Jones JB, Wolf B and Mills HA. (1999). Plant analysis Handbook, Micro-Macro publishing, Inc, Athens, GA. pp: 110.
Karami-Chame, S., Khalil-Tahmasbi, B., ShahMahmoodi, P., Abdollahi, A. Fathi, A., Seyed-Mousavi, S.J., Bahamin, S. (2016). Effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and Pseudomonas on the physiological characteristics and yield of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Scientia, 14(2): 23438.
Kardoni, F., Bahamin, S., Khalil Tahmasebi, B., Ghavim-Sadati, S., Vahdani, S. (2019). Yield Comparisons of Mung-bean as Affected by Its Different Nutritions (Chemical, Biological and Integration) under Tillage Systems. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 13(49(1)), 87-102. (In Persian).
Khorasaninejad, S., Mousavi, A., Soltanloo, H., Hemmati, K., & Khalighi, A. (2011). The effect of drought stress on growth parameters, essential oil yield and constituent of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(22), 5360-5365.
Khoshkhabar, H., Jafari, M. Feilinezhad, A., Bahamin, S. (2015). Effect of Sodium Silicate on the Yield and Yield Components of Pea under Salinity Stress. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 7(1): 1045-1049.
Koushesh, M., Arzani, K. and Barzegar, M. (2012). Postharvest polyamine application alleviates chilling injury and affects apricot storage ability. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 8947-8953.
Maleki, A., Fathi, A., Bahamin, S. (2020). The effect of gibberellin hormone on yield, growth indices, and biochemical traits of corn (Zea Mays L.) under drought stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 15(59), 1-16. (In Persian).
Mamta, P.R., P. Vijaylata, G. Arvind, S. Bikram, K.B. Ravinder and T. Rupinder. (2010). Stimulatory effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on plant growth, stevioside and rebaudioside-A contents of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Applied Soil Ecology, 46: 222-229.
Mehravaran, L., Omidi, M., Naghavi, M.R., Fakheri, B. (2019). Effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on the expression of 13-hydroxylase kaurnic acid gene involved in the biosynthetic pathway of steviol glycosides in stevia. Journal of Modern Genetics, 14 (2): 89-99. (In Persian).
Modi AR, Patil G, Kumar N, Singh AS, Subhash N. (2012). A simple and efficient in vitro mass multiplication procedure for Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and analysis of genetic fidelity of in vitro raised plants through RAPD. Suger Technology. 3(5), 17-33.
Moghaddam, M., Mehdizade, L., Farsari, S. (2022). Effect of salicylic acid application on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 17(65), 54-65. (In Persian).
Murtaza G., Asghar R. and Abdul Majid S. (2010). Changes in specific activity of ascorbate peroxidase during seed development of pea (Pisum sativum L.) treated with salicylic acid. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 5333-5337.
Popova, L.P., Maslenkova, L.T., Yordanova R.Y., Ivanova, A.P., Krantev, A.P., Szalai, G., and Janda, T. (2009). Exogenous treatment with salicylic acid attenuates cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings. Plant Physiology Biochemical, 47:22431.
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