اثرات تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی چهار رقم ذرت دانهای (Zea mays L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان
محورهای موضوعی : تنش
منصور اسمعیلی
1
,
محمد رضا داداشی
2
,
محمد تقی فیض بخش
3
*
,
کامی کابوسی
4
,
فاطمه شیخ
5
1 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
3 - بخش زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان. ایران
4 - گروه کشاورزي، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.
5 - بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، گرگان، ایران.
کلید واژه: پرولین, رژیم آبیاری, قندمحلول, کارتنویید, کلروفیل, عملکرد دانه,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور ارزیابی اثرات تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی ذرت دانهای در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان، آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تكرار، در ایستگاه عراقی محله گرگان در سال 1400 انجام شد. عامل اصلی تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (100، 75 ، 50 و 25 درصد نیاز آبی) و عامل فرعی چهار هیبرید ذرت (SC703،SC704 ، ZP548،BK50 ) بود. نتايج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد كه اثرات تنش خشکی و هیبرید بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل (a+b)، کارتنویید ها، قند های محلول، پرولین، تعداد ردیف عرضی، تعداد ردیف طولی، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه) معنیدار بود. از طرفی اثرات متقابل تنش خشکی × هیبرید نیز بر همه صفات به جز پرولین و تعداد ردیف عرضی نیز معنیدار بود. با توجه به معنی دار بودن اثرات متقابل، برش دهی اثرات متقابل صورت گرفت. نتایج مقایسه میانگینها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان پرولین و قند های محلول از تیمار 25 درصد نیاز آبی بدست آمد. با افزایش تنش خشکی میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل (a+b) و کارتنویید کاهش یافت. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد دانه (8450 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در هیبرید Zp548 از تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی مشاهده شد ولی با تیمار 75% نیاز آبی (3/7934 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در یک گروه آمار قراری داشت. در سایر سطوح تیمارهای خشکی نیز بیشترین عملکرد دانه از هیبرید Zp548 به‌دست آمد. بنابراین تیمار 75 درصد نیاز آبی و کشت هیبرید ZP548 در منطقه گرگان توصیه میگردد.
In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the yield and some biochemical characteristics of four Maiz hybrids in the Gorgan climate conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2022. The main factor was drought stress at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of water use) and the secondary factor was four maize hybrids (SC703, SC704, ZP548, and BK50). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of drought stress and hybrid on all traits (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoid, soluble sugar, proline, number of rows, number of seed in rows, thousand seed weight and grain yield) were significant. On the other hand, the interaction effects of drought stress × hybrid were also significant on all traits except proline and the number of rows. The results of mean comparison showed that the highest amount of proline (9.91 mol/g-1) and soluble sugar (30.2 mg/g-1) were obtained from the 25% water requirement. With an increase in drought stress, the amounts of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (a+b), and carotenoids decreased. Also, the highest seed yield (8450 kg/ha-1) was observed in hybrid Zp548 from 100% water requirement, but it was in the same statistical group as 75% of water use (7934.3 kg/ ha-1). At other levels of drought treatments, the highest seed yield was obtained from hybrid Zp548. Therefore, treatment of 75% water use and the sowing of ZP548 hybrid in Gorgan region is recommended.
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