اثر کلرید سدیم بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و بیان دو ژنADS و CYP71AV1دخیل در مسیر بیوسنتزی آرتمیزینین در گیاه افسنطین (Artemisia absinthium)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
سارا سلیمیان ریزی
1
(گروه زیست شناسی، واحد فلاورجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران)
زهرا رضایتمند
2
(گروه زیست شناسی، واحد فلاورجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران)
منیره رنجبر
3
(گروه زیست شناسی، واحد فلاورجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران)
نسرین یزدان پناهی
4
(گروه بیوتکنولوژی، واحد فلاورجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران)
زرین دخت امامی
5
(گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد فلاورجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.)
کلید واژه: تنش شوری, بیان ژن, افسنطین, آرتمیزینین, آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدان,
چکیده مقاله :
تنش شوری یکی از عوامل مهم در رابطه با کاهش میزان رشد و تغییر در فرآیند‌های فیزیولوژیکی و متابولیسمی گیاهان می‌باشد. در این تحقیق جهت بررسی اثر تنش شوری بر عملکرد فیزیولوژی، بیوشیمیایی و بیان ژن در گیاه افسنطین، آزمایشی در سه سطح شوری(0، 75، 150 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه ای انجام گرفت. بررسی نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری باعث کاهش میزان پارامتر‌های رشدی گیاه مانند طول ساقه، طول ریشه، وزن تر ساقه، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ساقه، خشک ریشه شد، همچنین شوری سبب کاهش میزان یون‌های پتاسیم، کلسیم، منیزیم و آهن و افزایش میزان سدیم در گیاه گردید. افزایش تنش شوری میزان پرولین، مالون دی آلدهید، ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت برخی آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدان را افزایش و میزان پروتئین در گیاه را کاهش داد. میزان بیان ژن‌های CYP71AV1 و ADS نیز به‌ترتیب در غلظت‌های 150 میلی‌مولار و 75 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم بیشترین میزان کاهش را نشان داد که این امر باعث کاهش میزان آرتمیزینین در گیاه افسنطین گشت. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش می توان عنوان نمود که گیاه افسنطین بــرای مقــابله با تنـش شوری حاصل از کلرید سدیم از سیستم افزایش فعالیت آنزیم آنتی اکسیدانی و مواد تنطیم کننده پتانسیل اسمزی و ترکیبات فنلی استفاده نموده است وکاهش بیان ژن ADS می‌تواند عامل موثر در کاهش مقدارآرتمیزینین گیاه افسنطین باشد.
Salinity stress is one of the important factors in decreasing the rate of growth and changing physiologic and metabolic processes of plants. In the present study to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological and biochemical performances and also gene expressions of Artemisia absinthium plant, an experiment was conducted with three level of salinity (0, 75, and 15 Mmol NaCl) in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that salinity stress decreased the rate of growth parameters in the plants including shoot length, root length, wet shoot weight, wet root weight, dry shoot weight, and dry root weight. Also, salinity decreased the levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron ions while increasing sodium levels in the plants. Increased salinity stress increased levels of proline, malondialdehyde, phenolic compounds, and activities of some antioxidant enzymes while it led to protein reduction in the plants under study. The expression of CYP71AV1 and ADS genes reduced to minimum at 150 Mmol and 75 Mmol NaCl treatments, respectively leading to reduced level of artemisinin in the Artemisia absinthium plants. According to the findings of this study, it might be argued that in its attempt to confront salinity stress induced fromsodium chloride, Artemisia absinthium employs the system of increased level of antioxidant enzymes activity, osmotic potential regulators, and phenolic compounds. Also, decreased expression of ADS gene can be an effective factor in reducing artemisinin contents in Artemisia absinthium.
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Abdallah, II., Van Merkerk, R., Klumpenaar, E., Quax, J.W. (2018). Catalysis of amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase unraveled and improved by mutability landscape guided engineering. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28177-4.
Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105: 121-126.
Aftab, T., A. Khan, M.M., Idrees, M., Naeem, M., Hashmi, N. and Moinuddin. (2010). Effect of Salt Stress on Growth, Membrane Damage, Antioxidant Metabolism and Artemisinin Accumulation in Artemisia annua L. Plant Stress. 4 (1): 36-43.
Aghai, K., Tayei, N., Kanaani, M.R. and Yazdani, M. (2014). The effect of salinity stress on some physiological and biochemical traits of two species of Salvia. Plant Process and Function. 3 (9): 96-85.
Ahmed, H. A.A., Koçak Şahin, N., Akdoğan, G., Yaman, C., Köm, D. and Uranbey, S. )2020(.Variability in salinity stress tolerance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties using in vitro screening. Ciência e Agrotecnologia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202044004220
Ahmed, S., Ahmed, Sh., Roy, S.K., Woo, S.H., Sonawane, K.D. and Shohael, A.M. (2019). Effect of salinity on the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Bangladesh. De Gruyter. 4: 361–373.
Alam, P., Kiran, U., Ahmad, M.M., Kamaluddin., Ali Khan, M., Jhanwar, Sh. and Abdin, M.Z. (2010). Isolation, characterization and structural features of amorpha- 4, 11-diene synthase (ADS3963) from Artemisia annu L. Bioinformation. 4(9): 421-429.
Amini, F. and Ehsanpour, A.A. (2005). Soluble proteins,proline, carbohydrates and Na+/K+ changes intwo tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars under in vitro salt stress. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 1(4): 212-216.
Appel, K. and Hirt, H. (2004). Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress and signal transduction. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 55(1): 373-399.
Asada, K. (1999). The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons, Annual Review of Plant Biology. 50: 601–639.
Bates, L.S. )1973(. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
Board, R., Reza Zadeh, Sh.Gh., Omidi, M., Torabi, S., Hariri Akbari, Ph., Parvaneh, S. and Taghizad Farid, R. (2013). Investigation of Quantitative diversity Artemisinin of Artemisia annua in plant populations native in northern Iran. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Plant and Ecosystem. 9 (35): 50-43.
Boughalleb, F., Abdellaoui, R., Mahmoudi, M. and Bakhshandeh, E. (2020). Changes in phenolic profile, soluble sugar, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activities of Polygonum equisetiforme in response to salinity. Turkish Journal of Botany. 44(1): 25-35.
Box, S. and Schachtman, D. P. (2011).The effect of low concentrations of sodium on potassium uptake and growth of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 27: 175-182.
Bradford, M.M. )1976(. Arapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein uti-lizing the principle of protein day binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248-254.
Chance, B. and Maehly, A.C.)1995(. Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods of Enzymology. 11: 764-775.
Daneshmand, F., Arvin, M.J. and Kalantari, Kh.M. (2009).Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) on Salt and Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Solanum bulbocastanum in Vitro: Enzymatic Antioxidants. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environmental Science. 6 (1): 92-99.
Dash, M. and Panda, S. (2001). Salt Stress Induced Changes in Growth and Enzyme Activities in Germinating Phaseolus Mungo Seeds. Biologia Plantarum. 44(4): 587–589.
Dhindsa, R.A., Plumb-Dhindsa, P. and Thorpe, T.A. (1981). Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Journal of Experimental Botany. 126: 93-101.
Davey, M.W., Stals, E., Panis, B., Keulemans, J. and Swennen, R.L. (2005). High-throughput determination of malondialdehyde in plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry. 347: 201-207.
Doğan, M. (2011). Antioxidative and proline potentials as a protective mechanism in soybean plants under salinity stress. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(32): 5972-5978.
Demiral, T. and Turkan, I. (2005). Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 53(3): 247–257.
Emami Bistgani, Z., Hashemi, M., DaCosta, M., Craker, L., Maggic, F. and Morshedloo, M.R. (2019). Effect of salinity stress on the physiological characteristics, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak. Industrial Crops and Products. 135: 311-320.
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