ارزیابی عملکرد علوفه و کنترل علف‌های هرز یونجه (Medicago sativa L.) تحت تاثیر علف‌کش‌های مختلف
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
مسعود نوروزی
1
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)
محمدرضا داداشی
2
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)
فریبا میقانی
3
(موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران، رایانامه)
حسین عجم نوروزی
4
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)
کلید واژه: سرعت رشد محصول, عملکرد علوفه, خردل وحشی, خاکشیر, ایمازاتاپیر,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور کارایی علف کش های مختلف بر کنترل علف های هرز، عملکرد علوفه، سرعت رشد محصول آزمایشی با نه تیمار در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال 1393-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور واقع در مشکین‌دشت کرج انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل: ارادیکان (1/4 کیلوگرم ماده موثره در هکتار)، متری بوزین (525 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار)، توفوردی بی(1269 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار) ، توفوردی بی (1480 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار)، بنتازون (1440 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار)، ایمازاتاپیر (50 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار) به همراه ۲۰۰ میلی‌لیتر سیتوگیت، ایمازاتاپیر (100 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار) به همراه ۲۰۰ میلی‌لیتر سیتوگیت، شاهد با علف‌هرز و شاهد بدون علف هرز بودند. در بین علف کش های مختلف، کاربرد ایمازاتاپیر (یک لیتر در هکتار) منجر به کنترل خاکشیر (Descurainia sophia) و خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis) (درصد کنترل بیش از 95 درصد) گردید. کمترین درصد کاهش وزن خشک در دو علف هرز خاکشیر و خردل وحشی مربوط به علف کش اردیکان بود که در چین اول 42 و 41 و در چین دوم 40 و 35درصد بود. بیشترین و کمترین وزن تر و خشک یونجه (عملکرد علوفه) نیز در پنج چین در تیمار شاهد بدون علف هرز و کاربرد علف کش متری بوزین مشاهده گردید. همچنین شاخص سرعت رشد در تیمارهای شاهد بدون علف هرز و کاربرد علف کش ایمازا تاپیر دارای حداکثر بود. بنابراین کنترل علف های هرز در یونجه استقرار یافته توسط علف کش ایمازا تاپیر به میزان یک لیتر در هکتار به صورت پس رویشی (3-4 برگی علف های هرز) توصیه می گردد.
In order to efficiency of different herbicides on weed control, forage yield, crop growth rate (CGR) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), an experiment with nine treatments based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection located in Meshkindasht, Karaj, during 2014-2016 was conducted. The treatments consisted of Eradicane 4.1 g ai/ha (EPTC), Metribuzin 525 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB 1269 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB 1480 g ai/ha, Bentazon 144 g ai/ha, Imazethapyr 50 g ai/ha (with 200 ml Sitogit), Imazethapyr 100 g ai/ha (with 200 ml Sitogit), non-herbicide control (weedy) and whole-season weeding control (weed free). Among different herbicides, application of Imazethapyr (1L/ha) led to control of Flixweed (Descurania Sophia) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) (control percentage more than 95%). The lowest percentage of dry weight reduction in both weeds (flixweed and wild mustard) was related to Eradicane herbicide, which was 42 and 41% in the first cutting and 40 and 35% in second cutting. The highest and lowest fresh and dry weight of alfalfa (qualitative forage yield in 5 cutting were observed weed free and application of Metribuzin herbicide treatments. Also, index of crop growth rate (CGR) was more in weed free and application of Imazethapyr herbicide (1L/ha) treatments. Therefore, weed control in alfalfa established, application of Imazethapyr herbicide (1L/ha) as post emergence (3-4 leaves of weeds) is recommended.
Ahmadi, A., and Akbarpour, O.A. (2020). Impact of Time and Rate of Imazetapyr Herbicide Application on Growth and Yield of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 14(53 (1)), 135-156.
Ball, D.M., Collins, M., Lacefield, G.D., Martin, N.P. and Mertens, D. A. (2001) Understanding Forage quality. 1–01.
Dillehay, B. L. and Curran, W.S.) 2010(. Comparison of herbicide programs for weed control in glyphosate-resistant alfalfa. Weed Technology. 24(2), 130-138.
Flores-Mar, J., Zinn, R.A. and Salinas-Chavira, J. (2017) Influence of forage NDF level and source in growing–finishing diets on growth performance of feedlot lambs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A —Animal Science. 67: 134–138
Hoy, M.D., Moore, K.J., George, J.R. and Brummer, E.C. (2002). Alfalfa yield and quality as influenced by establishment method. Agronomy Journal. 94:65–71.
Ghazanfari, S.A., Aryan, N.N., and Lorzadeh, S. (2013). Effect of some post emergence herbicides on weed control in alfaalfa under abadan climate conditions. Behzeraei Research Journal, 5 (1), 23-33.
Kuehn, C. S., Jung, H. G., Linn, J. G. and Martin, N. P. (1999). Characteristics of alfalfa hay quality grades based on the relative feed value index. Journal of production agriculture. 12:681–684.
Kulkarni, K., Tayade, R., Asekova, S., Tae Song, J., Grover Shannon, J. and Lee, J.-D. (2018) Harnessing the potential of forage legumes, alfalfa, soybean, and cowpea for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Front. Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01314
Lei, Y., Hannoufa, A. and Yu, P. (2017). The use of gene modification and advanced molecular structure analyses towards improving alfalfa forage. International journal of molecular sciences. 18(2):.298.
Miaghani, F., and Karaminejad, M.R. (2018). Herbicides efficacy in control of broad-leaved weeds in new seeded and established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Alborz province. Journal of Plant Protection (Mashhad), 31(4), 592-604.
Moeinizadeh, M., Piri, I., Tavasoli, A. and Shokaee, S. (2017). Study of quantitative and qualitative forage yield of alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L.) in different harvest in Khash region. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 3 (2):127-140
Ott, P.M., Dawson, J.H. and Appleby, A.P. (1989). Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum) in newly seeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Weed Technology. 3:375–380.
Pacanoski, Z., Týr, S. and. Vereš, T. (2017). Weed control in dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with active ingredients’ metribuzin, imazetapyr and pronamide. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 18(1): 42-54.
Pike, D.R. and Stritzke, J.F. (1984). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)–cheat (Bromus secalinus) competition. Weed Science. 32:751–756.
Putnam, D., Ruselle, M., Orloff, S., Kuhn, J., Fitzhugh, L., Godfrey, L. and Kiess, A. (2001) Alfalfa Wildlife and the Environment. The Importance and Benefits of Alfalfa in the 21st Century, 24 pp. Novato, CA: The California Alfalfa and Forage Association.
Rajcan, I. and Swanton, C.J. (2001). Understanding maize-weed competition: resources competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops. Res. 71:139–150.
Seker, H., Yolcu, H. and Acikgoz, E.) 2015(. Primary growth parameters of three alfalfa cultivars adapted to highland climatic conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 3: 219-227.
Singer, S. D., Hannoufa, A. and Acharya, S. (2018) Molecular improvement of alfalfa for enhanced productivity and adaptability in a changing environment. Plant, Cell & Environment. 41: 1955–1971.
Stout, W. L., Byers, R.A., Leath, K.T., Bahler, C.C. and Hoffman, L.D. (1992). Effects of weed and invertebrate control on alfalfa establishment in oat stubble. Journal of production agriculture. 5:349–352.
Zaman, M.S., Moyer, J.R., Boswall, A.L. and Mir, Z. (2003). Nutritional quality and yield of seedling alfalfa established with a barley companion crop and weeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 103:163–169.
Zamanian M. (2003). Evaluation of performance and quality of alfalfa cultivars in different ChynHay. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 10 (1): 82-73
Zimdahl, R.L. (2004). The effect of competition duration. Pages 109–130 in R.L. Zimdahl, ed. Weed–crop competition: a review. 2nd ed. Ames, IA: Blackwell.
Steinmaus, S.J., and Norris, R.F. (2002). Growth analysis and canopy architecture of velvetleaf grown under light conditions representative of irrigated Mediterranean-type agroecosystems. Weed Science, 50(1):42-53.
_||_Ahmadi, A., and Akbarpour, O.A. (2020). Impact of Time and Rate of Imazetapyr Herbicide Application on Growth and Yield of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 14(53 (1)), 135-156.
Ball, D.M., Collins, M., Lacefield, G.D., Martin, N.P. and Mertens, D. A. (2001) Understanding Forage quality. 1–01.
Dillehay, B. L. and Curran, W.S.) 2010(. Comparison of herbicide programs for weed control in glyphosate-resistant alfalfa. Weed Technology. 24(2), 130-138.
Flores-Mar, J., Zinn, R.A. and Salinas-Chavira, J. (2017) Influence of forage NDF level and source in growing–finishing diets on growth performance of feedlot lambs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A —Animal Science. 67: 134–138
Hoy, M.D., Moore, K.J., George, J.R. and Brummer, E.C. (2002). Alfalfa yield and quality as influenced by establishment method. Agronomy Journal. 94:65–71.
Ghazanfari, S.A., Aryan, N.N., and Lorzadeh, S. (2013). Effect of some post emergence herbicides on weed control in alfaalfa under abadan climate conditions. Behzeraei Research Journal, 5 (1), 23-33.
Kuehn, C. S., Jung, H. G., Linn, J. G. and Martin, N. P. (1999). Characteristics of alfalfa hay quality grades based on the relative feed value index. Journal of production agriculture. 12:681–684.
Kulkarni, K., Tayade, R., Asekova, S., Tae Song, J., Grover Shannon, J. and Lee, J.-D. (2018) Harnessing the potential of forage legumes, alfalfa, soybean, and cowpea for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Front. Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01314
Lei, Y., Hannoufa, A. and Yu, P. (2017). The use of gene modification and advanced molecular structure analyses towards improving alfalfa forage. International journal of molecular sciences. 18(2):.298.
Miaghani, F., and Karaminejad, M.R. (2018). Herbicides efficacy in control of broad-leaved weeds in new seeded and established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Alborz province. Journal of Plant Protection (Mashhad), 31(4), 592-604.
Moeinizadeh, M., Piri, I., Tavasoli, A. and Shokaee, S. (2017). Study of quantitative and qualitative forage yield of alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L.) in different harvest in Khash region. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 3 (2):127-140
Ott, P.M., Dawson, J.H. and Appleby, A.P. (1989). Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum) in newly seeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Weed Technology. 3:375–380.
Pacanoski, Z., Týr, S. and. Vereš, T. (2017). Weed control in dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with active ingredients’ metribuzin, imazetapyr and pronamide. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 18(1): 42-54.
Pike, D.R. and Stritzke, J.F. (1984). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)–cheat (Bromus secalinus) competition. Weed Science. 32:751–756.
Putnam, D., Ruselle, M., Orloff, S., Kuhn, J., Fitzhugh, L., Godfrey, L. and Kiess, A. (2001) Alfalfa Wildlife and the Environment. The Importance and Benefits of Alfalfa in the 21st Century, 24 pp. Novato, CA: The California Alfalfa and Forage Association.
Rajcan, I. and Swanton, C.J. (2001). Understanding maize-weed competition: resources competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops. Res. 71:139–150.
Seker, H., Yolcu, H. and Acikgoz, E.) 2015(. Primary growth parameters of three alfalfa cultivars adapted to highland climatic conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 3: 219-227.
Singer, S. D., Hannoufa, A. and Acharya, S. (2018) Molecular improvement of alfalfa for enhanced productivity and adaptability in a changing environment. Plant, Cell & Environment. 41: 1955–1971.
Stout, W. L., Byers, R.A., Leath, K.T., Bahler, C.C. and Hoffman, L.D. (1992). Effects of weed and invertebrate control on alfalfa establishment in oat stubble. Journal of production agriculture. 5:349–352.
Zaman, M.S., Moyer, J.R., Boswall, A.L. and Mir, Z. (2003). Nutritional quality and yield of seedling alfalfa established with a barley companion crop and weeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 103:163–169.
Zamanian M. (2003). Evaluation of performance and quality of alfalfa cultivars in different ChynHay. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 10 (1): 82-73
Zimdahl, R.L. (2004). The effect of competition duration. Pages 109–130 in R.L. Zimdahl, ed. Weed–crop competition: a review. 2nd ed. Ames, IA: Blackwell.
Steinmaus, S.J., and Norris, R.F. (2002). Growth analysis and canopy architecture of velvetleaf grown under light conditions representative of irrigated Mediterranean-type agroecosystems. Weed Science, 50(1):42-53.