اتنوفارماکولوژی، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گل و برگ گیاه دارویی چای‌کوهی (Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl.) در رویشگاه‌های استان‌های سمنان، خراسان شمالی و رضوی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکصدیقه چورلی 1 , سارا خراسانی نژاد 2 , خدایار همتی 3 , بهاره کاشفی 4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان، گرگان، ایران
4 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد دامغان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دامغان، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, GC/MS, کلونجر, بتاپینن,
چکیده مقاله :
چای کوهی یکی از گیاهان دارویی می‌باشد که در مناطق مختلف ایران رویش دارد. از دم کرده گل ها و برگ‌های این گیاه در ناراحتی‌های معده و نیز به‌عنوان آرام بخش در رفع بی‌خوابی و اضطراب استفاده می گردد. به‌منظور بررسی اسانس گل و برگ این گیاه در چهار رویشگاه (ارتفاعات مشهد، نیشابور، قوچان و شاهرود)، تحقیقی بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار صورت پذیرفت. اطلاعات اتنوفارماکولوژی از مردم محلی بدست آمده و نمونه های گیاهی در بهار 1393 در زمان گلدهی، از رویشگاه های مذکور جمع‌آوری گردید. نمونه های گل و برگ خشک به وسیله دستگاه کلونجر و تقطیر با آب، اسانس‌گیری و درصد و عملکرد اسانس هر نمونه تعیین و ترکیبات متشکله اسانس‌های حاصله توسط دستگاه GC/MS آنالیز شد. نتایج اتنوفارماکولوژی نشان داد نام‌های محلی آن در رویشگاه‌ها متفاوت است ولی کاربرد عمومی به‌عنوان آرام‌بخش می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد، درصد اسانس و وزن خشک مربوط به نمونه برگ در مشهد و وزن خشک گل نیز بیشتر از وزن خشک برگ بود. بیشترین ترکیب در اسانس گل با 72 ترکیب مربوط به نیشابور و در اسانس برگ با 82 ترکیب مربوط به رویشگاه قوچان بود که در بالاترین مقادیر به‌ترتیب 692/92 و 818/96 وزن اسانس را به خود اختصاص داده بودند. بیشترین میزان ترکیبات اصلی اسانس اعم از بتا-پینن ، بتافلاندرن، کاریوفیلن مربوط به اکوتیپ شاهرود و اسپاتولنول و آلفاتوجن به‌ترتیب مربوط به قوچان و مشهد بود که میزان این ترکیبات در برگ بیشتر از گل می‌باشد که بهترین کیفیت اسانس را می‌توان از رویشگاه‌های مشهد و قوچان بدست آورد.
Stachys lavandulifolia is a medicinal plant growing in different parts of Iran. Its flower and leaf infusions are used for treating diseases related to stomach and also as sedative for insomnia and stress. This research was carried out based on a completely randomized design with three replications to investigate the essential oil contents of leaf and flower obtained from four different sites (Shahrud, Ghuchan, Nyshabur, and Mashhad). Ethnopharmacological data were obtained from local people and the plant samples were collected from their habitas during flowering stage in spring 2014. Essential oils of the sample leaves and flowers were distilled using a Clevenger apparatus to determine essential oil percent and yield in each site. Furthermore, the essential oil components were determined with a GC/MS tool. Results of ethnopharmacological study showed that this plant has different local names in the sites under study but its general application was for reducing stress. The highest essential oil yield and percent and also dry weight were obtained from Mashhad. Also, the highest numbers of essential oil components of Stachys lavandulifolia flower (n=72) and leaf (n=82) were extracted from Nyshabur and Ghuchan, respectively with a maximum essential oil weights of 92.692 and 96.818, respectively. The highest values of major components including betapinene, betaphellandrane, and caryophyllene were obtained from Shahroud and the highest values of spathulenol and alfathujene were obtained from Ghuchan and Mashhad, respectively and these components were higher in leaves than in flowers. The highest quality of the essential oils was obtained from plants grown in Mashhad and Ghuchan habitats.
Aghaei, Y., Mirjalili, M. and Nazeri, V. (2013). Chemical diversity among the essential oils wild populations of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Lamiaceae) from Iran. Journal of Chemistry and Biodiversity .10: 262-273.
Amiri, H., Rustaiyan, A., Lari Yazdi, H. and Haghir Chehregani, A.K. )2008(. Antibacterial activity and composition of the essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 18:43–5. (In Persian)
Davise, F.S. and Albrigo, L.G. (1994). Citrus. CAB. International Press, Wallington, UK, 9814 p.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Mohammadi, M. (2013). Phytochemical composition of the essential oil of different populations of Stachys lavandulifoliaVahl. Asian Pac Journal Trop Biomed. 3(2): 123-128
Javidnia, K., Mojabb, F. and Mojahedi, S.A. (2004). Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Stachyslavandulifolia vahl from Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 3: 3-61.
Javidnia, K., Miri, R., Moein M.R., Kamalinejad, M. and Sarkarzadeh, H. (2006). Constituents of essential oil of Stachys pilifera benth. Iran Journal Essential Oil Research. 18: 275-7.
Klondi, R. (2003). Evaluate the effect of Different ecology on quantity and quality of secondary metabolites of medicinal plant of Th. eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas in Hamedan, Markazi and Kermanshah. MSc. Thesis, Plant Biology, University of Boali sina, Hamedan. (In Persian)
Mahmoodisourestani, M. and Akbarzadeh, M. (2014). Seasonal changes in essential oil content, yield and composition of Spear mint (Mentha spicata L.) cultivated in Shoshtar. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture).16 (3) 613-625. (In Persian)
Mahzooni-kachapi, S.S., Mahdavi, M., Roozbehnasiraei, L., Akbarzadeh, M., Rezazadeh, F. and Motavalizadehkakhky, A. (2012). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. From Mazandaran. Iran Journal Medicinal Plants Research. 6:4149-58. (In Persian)
Mazandarani, M., Beyk Mohammadi, M. and Bayat, H. (2009). Ethnopharmacology and investigation secondary metabolitesof Perovskia abrotanoides Karel.in two naturalregions, North of Iran. Journal on Plant Science Researches 16 (4): 69-77. (In Persian)
Mehrabani, B., Nazeri, S. and Piri, K. (2012). Evaluation of total produced phenol in Chaei Koohi (Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl.) callus culture and possibility of its enhancement using Elicitors. Journal of Biotechnology. 2 (4). (In Persian)
Moghtader, M. (2014). Comparative evaluation of the essential oil composition from the leaves and flowers of Hyssopus officinalis L. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry. 6(1):1-5.
Morteza-Semnani K., Akbarzadeh, M. and Changizi, S. (2006). Essential oils composition of Stachys byzantine, S. inflata. S. lavandulifolia Vahl. and S. laxa from Iran. Journal of Flavor and Fragrance. 21: 300-303.
Mozaffarian V. (2006). Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Tehran: Farhang Moaser Press. (In Persian)
Omidbaygi, R. (2013). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Publication, Astane Ghodse Razavi.1: 347. (In Persian)
Ormeno, E., Blady, V., Ballini, C. and Fernandez, C. (2008). Production and diversity of volatile terpenes from plantson calcareous and siliceous soils: effect of soil nutrients. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 34(9): 1219-1229.
Rabbani, M., Sajjadi, S.E. and Zarei, H.R. (2003). Anxiolytic effects of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. on the elevated plus– maze model of anxiety in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacololgy. 89 (2-3): 271-6.
Rabbani, M., Sajjadi, S.E. and Jalali, A. (2005). Hydroalcohol extract and fractions of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl: Effects on spontaneous motor activity and elevated plus-maze behavior. PhytotherapyReaserch. 19: 854-858.
Raza, M.A. (2006). Role for physician’s inethnopharmacology and drug discovery. Journal of Ethnopharmacololgy. 104: 297-301.
Safaei, A. (2004). Identification and quantitative determination of luteolin and apigenin in the aerial parts and an extract of Stachys lavandulifolia by HPLC. International Congress on Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology Research. 2: 90-6.
Rezakhanlo, A. and Talebi, S.M. (2010). Trichomes morphology of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Labiatae) of Iran. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2(2): 3755–3763.
Salehisormaghi, M.H. (2009). Medicinal Plants and Theraputic Plants. 2nd ed. Tehran: Pub of Nutrition World. 2:121-3.
Tajali, A.A. and Khazaeipool, M. (2011). Effects of height and organs on flavonoids of Crataegus microphylla C. Koch in Iran. International Journal of Biosciences. 2(7): 54-58. (In Persian)
Yavari, A.R., Nazeri, V., Sefidkon, F. and Hassani, M.E. (2010). Evaluation of some ecological factors, morphological traits and essential oil productivityof Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 26 (2): 227-238. (In Persian)
Yavari, A. and Shahgolzari, S.M. (2015). Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. From Iran. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 7(4): 673-676.
Zargari, A. (1997). Labiatae. In: Iranian Medicinal Plants. 6th ed. Tehran: Pub of Tehran University. 127-33.
Zarali, M., Hojjati, M., Tahmouzi, Didehban, S. and Jooynadeh, H. (2016). Evaluation of chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Echinophora cinerea Boiss and Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl essential oils in vitro. JFST. 52 (13): 1-12. (In Persian)
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Aghaei, Y., Mirjalili, M. and Nazeri, V. (2013). Chemical diversity among the essential oils wild populations of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Lamiaceae) from Iran. Journal of Chemistry and Biodiversity .10: 262-273.
Amiri, H., Rustaiyan, A., Lari Yazdi, H. and Haghir Chehregani, A.K. )2008(. Antibacterial activity and composition of the essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 18:43–5. (In Persian)
Davise, F.S. and Albrigo, L.G. (1994). Citrus. CAB. International Press, Wallington, UK, 9814 p.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. and Mohammadi, M. (2013). Phytochemical composition of the essential oil of different populations of Stachys lavandulifoliaVahl. Asian Pac Journal Trop Biomed. 3(2): 123-128
Javidnia, K., Mojabb, F. and Mojahedi, S.A. (2004). Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Stachyslavandulifolia vahl from Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 3: 3-61.
Javidnia, K., Miri, R., Moein M.R., Kamalinejad, M. and Sarkarzadeh, H. (2006). Constituents of essential oil of Stachys pilifera benth. Iran Journal Essential Oil Research. 18: 275-7.
Klondi, R. (2003). Evaluate the effect of Different ecology on quantity and quality of secondary metabolites of medicinal plant of Th. eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas in Hamedan, Markazi and Kermanshah. MSc. Thesis, Plant Biology, University of Boali sina, Hamedan. (In Persian)
Mahmoodisourestani, M. and Akbarzadeh, M. (2014). Seasonal changes in essential oil content, yield and composition of Spear mint (Mentha spicata L.) cultivated in Shoshtar. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture).16 (3) 613-625. (In Persian)
Mahzooni-kachapi, S.S., Mahdavi, M., Roozbehnasiraei, L., Akbarzadeh, M., Rezazadeh, F. and Motavalizadehkakhky, A. (2012). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. From Mazandaran. Iran Journal Medicinal Plants Research. 6:4149-58. (In Persian)
Mazandarani, M., Beyk Mohammadi, M. and Bayat, H. (2009). Ethnopharmacology and investigation secondary metabolitesof Perovskia abrotanoides Karel.in two naturalregions, North of Iran. Journal on Plant Science Researches 16 (4): 69-77. (In Persian)
Mehrabani, B., Nazeri, S. and Piri, K. (2012). Evaluation of total produced phenol in Chaei Koohi (Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl.) callus culture and possibility of its enhancement using Elicitors. Journal of Biotechnology. 2 (4). (In Persian)
Moghtader, M. (2014). Comparative evaluation of the essential oil composition from the leaves and flowers of Hyssopus officinalis L. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry. 6(1):1-5.
Morteza-Semnani K., Akbarzadeh, M. and Changizi, S. (2006). Essential oils composition of Stachys byzantine, S. inflata. S. lavandulifolia Vahl. and S. laxa from Iran. Journal of Flavor and Fragrance. 21: 300-303.
Mozaffarian V. (2006). Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Tehran: Farhang Moaser Press. (In Persian)
Omidbaygi, R. (2013). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Publication, Astane Ghodse Razavi.1: 347. (In Persian)
Ormeno, E., Blady, V., Ballini, C. and Fernandez, C. (2008). Production and diversity of volatile terpenes from plantson calcareous and siliceous soils: effect of soil nutrients. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 34(9): 1219-1229.
Rabbani, M., Sajjadi, S.E. and Zarei, H.R. (2003). Anxiolytic effects of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. on the elevated plus– maze model of anxiety in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacololgy. 89 (2-3): 271-6.
Rabbani, M., Sajjadi, S.E. and Jalali, A. (2005). Hydroalcohol extract and fractions of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl: Effects on spontaneous motor activity and elevated plus-maze behavior. PhytotherapyReaserch. 19: 854-858.
Raza, M.A. (2006). Role for physician’s inethnopharmacology and drug discovery. Journal of Ethnopharmacololgy. 104: 297-301.
Safaei, A. (2004). Identification and quantitative determination of luteolin and apigenin in the aerial parts and an extract of Stachys lavandulifolia by HPLC. International Congress on Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology Research. 2: 90-6.
Rezakhanlo, A. and Talebi, S.M. (2010). Trichomes morphology of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Labiatae) of Iran. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2(2): 3755–3763.
Salehisormaghi, M.H. (2009). Medicinal Plants and Theraputic Plants. 2nd ed. Tehran: Pub of Nutrition World. 2:121-3.
Tajali, A.A. and Khazaeipool, M. (2011). Effects of height and organs on flavonoids of Crataegus microphylla C. Koch in Iran. International Journal of Biosciences. 2(7): 54-58. (In Persian)
Yavari, A.R., Nazeri, V., Sefidkon, F. and Hassani, M.E. (2010). Evaluation of some ecological factors, morphological traits and essential oil productivityof Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 26 (2): 227-238. (In Persian)
Yavari, A. and Shahgolzari, S.M. (2015). Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. From Iran. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 7(4): 673-676.
Zargari, A. (1997). Labiatae. In: Iranian Medicinal Plants. 6th ed. Tehran: Pub of Tehran University. 127-33.
Zarali, M., Hojjati, M., Tahmouzi, Didehban, S. and Jooynadeh, H. (2016). Evaluation of chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Echinophora cinerea Boiss and Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl essential oils in vitro. JFST. 52 (13): 1-12. (In Persian)