بررسی اثر دگر‌آسیبی عصاره کنجد زراعی ( L. indicum Sesamum) بر پارامترهای رشد، سیستم فتوسنتزی و اسمولیت پرولین در گیاه سویا (Glycine max L.) و علف هرز نیلوفر (Ipomoea sp.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکفاطمه تازیکی 1 , مریم نیاکان 2 , مهدی عبادی 3 , معصومه یونس ابادی 4
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان ایران
3 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
4 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: آللوپاتی, سویا, پارامتر های موفوفیزیولوژیکی, کنجد زراعی, نیلوفر,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر عصاره آبی کنجد زراعی بر پارامترهای رشد، رنگیزه‌های کلروفیلی، پرولین و قندهای محلول دو اندام برگ و ریشه در گیاه سویا (Glycine max) و علف هرز آن، نیلوفر (Ipomoea sp.) بود. به همین جهت آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان انجام گرفت. پلات اصلی شامل غلظت‌های مختلف عصاره کنجد زراعی در 5 سطح (صفر، 5/2، 5 ، 10 و 10 درصد به همراه مویان) و پلات فرعی شامل گیاه هدف در دو سطح (سویا و نیلوفر) بود. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که اثرات غلظت‌های مختلف عصاره کنجد زراعی بر پارامترهای رشد از جمله طول ریشه، وزن تر و وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی و ریشه و تعداد برگ در بین دو گیاه سویا و نیلوفر معنی دار بود در حالیکه میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی این دو گیاه تحت تأثیر اثر دگر‌آسیبی عصاره کنجد زراعی قرار نگرفت. مطابق با داده‌های بدست آمده با ازدیاد غلظت عصاره کنجد زراعی میزان قندهای محلول در برگ و ریشه سویا افزایش یافت در حالیکه در مورد علف هرز نیلوفر این روند نزولی بود. همچنین میزان پرولین برگ و ریشه دو گیاه سویا و نیلوفر تحت تأثیر عصاره کنجد افزایش یافت که این روند صعودی در برگ سویا در مقایسه با نیلوفر قابل ملاحظه بود. به طور کلی با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده اثر آللوپاتیکی عصاره آبی کنجد‌زراعی بر پارامترهای مورفوفیزیولوژیکی مورد سنجش در تحقیق حاضر در علف‌هرز نیلوفر در مقایسه با گیاه زراعی سویا شدیدتر بود که با بررسی تکمیلی این تحقیق بر عملکرد دانه سویا شاید بتوان استفاده از عصاره گیاه کنجد زراعی را به عنوان علف‌کش طبیعی در سطح مزارع سویا پیشنهاد نمود.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sesame aqueous extract on growth parameters, proline, chlorophyll pigments, and soluble sugars of leaves and roots of soybean and morning-glory (Ipomoea sp.). To this end, an experiment was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Farm of Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. The main plot included 5 different concentrations of sesame extract (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 10% with surfactant) and the sub-plot included the target plants at two levels (Soybean and Ipomoea sp). Results showed that the effects of different concentrations of sesame on growth parameters such as root length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, and number of leaves of soybeans and Ipomoea sp were significant different while photosynthetic pigments of these two plants were not influenced by the allelopathic effects of sesame crop extract. Based on the obtained data, increasing the concentration of sesame extract led to increases in the amount of soluble sugars in soybean leaves and roots while decreasing this parameter in Ipomoea sp. Also, the amount of proline in the roots and shoots of soybean and Ipomoea plants increased under effect of sesame extract, in which the increase in the proline content of soybean leaves was significant in comparison with Ipomoea plants. Generally, based on the obtained results, the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of sesame on morphophysiological parameters of Ipomoea sp. weed in this study was more than those in soybeans, and a complementary research on seed and crop yield, may make it possible to suggest application of sesame extract as a natural herbicide in soybean fields.
Adel, B. (2013). Allelopathy, an effective mechanism in wheat weed management. Second National Congress of Organic and Conventional Agriculture. NCOCA02_095.
Asgharipour, M.R., and Heidari, M. (2011). Effect of Potassium Supply on Drought Resistance in Sorghum: Plant Growth and Macronutrient Content. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 48(3):197-204.
Baghestani meybodi, M.A., Sharifi zive, P., Bagherani, Tershiz, N., Behroozi, D., Zand, E., Karaminejad, M.R., Habibian, L. and Rashidi dudkesh, Y. (2015). Evaluation of the efficacy of the new herbicide Everest 2 (sodium flucarbazene% SC35) on weed control of wheat fields. R-1053034.
Bais, H.P., Epachedu, S.V., Gilroy M. and Ragan Vivanco, M. (2003). Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion, from molecules and genes to species interactions. Science. 31: 1377-1380.
Brown, J. and Morra, MJ. (2005). Glucosinolate-containing seed meal as a soil amendment to control plant pests. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/SR-510-35254 July 2005.
Chen, Sh.Y., Chi, W.Ch., T,N.N., Ch,K.T, et al. (2015). Alleviation of allelochemical juglone - induced phytotoxicity in tobacco plants by proline. Plant-Environment Interactions. 10(1): 167-172
Culpepper, E.A., Agustin, E., Gimenze, A., Roger, B., and Wilcut. J. (2001). Morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) and Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control with Glyphosate and 2, 4-DB Mixtures in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technology. 15: 56-61.
Das, T.K. (2008). Weed science basics and applications. Chapter 23: 502-508.
Djanaguiraman, M., Vaicyanathan, R., Annie Sheeba, J., Durga, D.D., and Bangarusamy, U. (2005). Physiological Responses of Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Leachate on Seedling Physiology of Rice, Sorghum and Blackgram.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 71:35-38.
Glass, A.D.M. (1974). Influence of phenolic acid on ion uptake. 4. Depolarization of membrance potentials.Plant Physiology. 54: 855-858.
Gorgani, M., syahmarguii, A., Ghaderi-far, F. and Gharakhlu, J. (2016). Locating areas prone to lotus contamination in the germination stage: Newly introduced weeds in arable lands of Golestan province. Journal of Weed Research. 8(2): 35-51.
Haddadchi, G.H. and Khorasani, F.M. (2006). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Sinapis arvensis on growth and related physiological and biochemical responses of Brassica napus. JSUT 32(1): 23-28.
Hegab, M.M. and Ghareib, H.R. (2010). Methanol extract potential of field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) for Wheat growth enhancement.International Jornal of Botany. 6(3):334–342
Hesammi, E. (2012). Allelopathic effects of Carthamus oxyacantha and Chenopodium mural on germination and initial growth of Phasaeolous vulgaris. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 1(2): 54-56.
Hesammi, E., Farshidi, A., Talebi, A. and Jahedi Pour, S. (2014). Evaluation of allelopathic effects of different parts of Sesamume indicum seeds on germination of Hordeum vulgare seeds. WALIA Journal, 30(1): 27-30.
Inderjit, A. and Duke, S.O. (2003). Ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy. Planta. 217: 529–539.
Joshi, N. and Joshi, A. (2016). Allelopathic effects of weed extracts on germination of wheat. Annals of Plant Sciences, 5(5), 1330-1334.
Marianne, K., Morten, S. and Beate, S. (2000). Ecological effects of allelopathic plants, a review. NERY. Technical Report No.35 http:// wwwdmu.du/1 viden.
Mashyekhi, K. and Atashi, S. (2015). Guide to Plant Physiology Experiments (Examination of plants before and after harvest). Agricultural Education and Natural Resources Research Publications. PP: 149-199.
Mohamadi, N. and Rajaie, P. (2009). Effect of aqueous euqalyptus (E.camadulensis L.) extracts on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological respones of phaseolus vulgaris and sorghum bicolor.Rasearch Journal of Bilogical Sciences, 4(12): 1292-1296.
Mohammadi, N., Rajaii, P. and Fahimi, H. (2012). Evaluation of allelopathic effect of eucalyptus leaf extract on morphological and physiological parameters of monocotyledonous and icotyledonous plants. Iran Biology magazine. 15(3):456-464.
Mondal, N.K., Das, C.R., Aditya, J.K., Datta, A., Banerjee, A. and Das, K. (2012). Allelopathic potentialities of leachates of leaf litter of some selected tree species on gram seeds under laboratory conditions. Asian Journal of experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. 3(1):59–65.
Natarajan, A., and Elavazhagan, P. (2014). Allelopathic Influence of Trianthima Portulacastrum L. On Growth and Developmental Responses of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.), International Journal of Current Biotechnology. 2(3):1-5.
Niakan, M. and Saberi, K. (2009). Effects of Eucalyptus Allelopathy on Growth Characters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Phalaris Weed. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 8: 440-446.
Nimisha, A and N.B. Singh, N.B. (2017). Responses of enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation in wheat seedlings under stress. Allelopathy Journal 42 (2): 195-206
Norouzi1, N., Niakan, M., Ebadi, M. and Younesabadi, M. (2021). Evaluation of allopathic effects of wild melon (Cucumis melo L.) on the growth and antioxidant system of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology. 63 (3): 35-48.
Noor-Shah, A.N., Iqbal, J., Fahad, S., Tanveer, M., Yang, G.Z., Khan, E.A., Shahzad, B Yousaf, M., Hassan, W., Ullah, A., Bukhari, M.A., Salah, A., Saud, S., and Alharby, H. (2016). Allelopathic Influence of Sesame and Green Gram Intercrops on Cotton in a Replacement Series. Clean Soil Air Water. 45(1).
Prasanta, C. and Inderjit, B. (2003). Challenges and opportunities in implementing allelopathy for natural weed management. Crop Protection, 22(4):661-671.
Rahemi, A. Tazike, N., Yunesabadi, M., Gholamalipoor-Alamdari, E. and Rezvan-Talab, N. (2019). Investigation of other potential harm of hydromethanolic extract of sesame shoot on germination characteristics and seedling growth of Cucumis melo var.agrestis. Journal of Seed Research. 10(1): 30-38.
Rajaei, A., Barzegar, M. and Sahari, M.A. (2008). Comparison of Antioxidative Effect of Tea and Sesame Seed Oils Extracted by Different Methods.Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 10: 345-350.
Reigosa, M.J., Pedrol, N. and Gonzalez, L. (2006). Allelopathy. A physiological process with ecological implications. The Netherlands, Springer.
Rice, E.L. (1984). Chemically Mediated Interactions between Plants and Other Organisms. Allelopathy and Overrview. Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma.
Somwanshi, S.B., Hiremath, S.N. and Jat, R.K. (2018). Standardization and phytochemical investigation of Sesamum indicum L. seed extract.Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 7(4): 1293-1296.
Tazikeh, N., Rahemi-Karizaki, A., Younesabadi, M., Gholamalipour-Alamdari, E. and Behrooj, M. (2019). Effect of hydromethanolic extract of sesame on germination parameters of wild melon. Iranian weed science. 8th Weed Science Conference. 422-426.
Weir, T.L., Park, S.W., and Vivanco, M.J. (2004). Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 7:472–479.
Xuan, T.D., Anh, L.H., Khang, D.T., Tuyen, P.T., Minh, T.N., Khanh, T.D., and Trung, K.H. (2016). Weed Allelochemicals and Possibility for Pest Management. International Letters of Natural Sciences. 56: 25-39.
Yang, J.C., Wang, Z.Q., and Zhu, Q.S. (2002). Carbon remobilization and grain filling in Japonica /Indica hybrid rice subjected to postanthesis water deficits .Agronomy Journal.94:102-109.
Yu, J.Q. and Matsui, Y. (1997). Effects of root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and allelochemicals on ion uptake by cucumber seedling. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23: 817-827
Zhou, Y.H., and Yu, J.Q. (2006). Allelochemicals and Photosynthesis. Manuel J. Reigosa, Nuria Pedrol and Lus Gonzlez, (eds.), 127-139.
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Adel, B. (2013). Allelopathy, an effective mechanism in wheat weed management. Second National Congress of Organic and Conventional Agriculture. NCOCA02_095.
Asgharipour, M.R., and Heidari, M. (2011). Effect of Potassium Supply on Drought Resistance in Sorghum: Plant Growth and Macronutrient Content. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 48(3):197-204.
Baghestani meybodi, M.A., Sharifi zive, P., Bagherani, Tershiz, N., Behroozi, D., Zand, E., Karaminejad, M.R., Habibian, L. and Rashidi dudkesh, Y. (2015). Evaluation of the efficacy of the new herbicide Everest 2 (sodium flucarbazene% SC35) on weed control of wheat fields. R-1053034.
Bais, H.P., Epachedu, S.V., Gilroy M. and Ragan Vivanco, M. (2003). Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion, from molecules and genes to species interactions. Science. 31: 1377-1380.
Brown, J. and Morra, MJ. (2005). Glucosinolate-containing seed meal as a soil amendment to control plant pests. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/SR-510-35254 July 2005.
Chen, Sh.Y., Chi, W.Ch., T,N.N., Ch,K.T, et al. (2015). Alleviation of allelochemical juglone - induced phytotoxicity in tobacco plants by proline. Plant-Environment Interactions. 10(1): 167-172
Culpepper, E.A., Agustin, E., Gimenze, A., Roger, B., and Wilcut. J. (2001). Morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) and Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control with Glyphosate and 2, 4-DB Mixtures in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technology. 15: 56-61.
Das, T.K. (2008). Weed science basics and applications. Chapter 23: 502-508.
Djanaguiraman, M., Vaicyanathan, R., Annie Sheeba, J., Durga, D.D., and Bangarusamy, U. (2005). Physiological Responses of Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Leachate on Seedling Physiology of Rice, Sorghum and Blackgram.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 71:35-38.
Glass, A.D.M. (1974). Influence of phenolic acid on ion uptake. 4. Depolarization of membrance potentials.Plant Physiology. 54: 855-858.
Gorgani, M., syahmarguii, A., Ghaderi-far, F. and Gharakhlu, J. (2016). Locating areas prone to lotus contamination in the germination stage: Newly introduced weeds in arable lands of Golestan province. Journal of Weed Research. 8(2): 35-51.
Haddadchi, G.H. and Khorasani, F.M. (2006). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Sinapis arvensis on growth and related physiological and biochemical responses of Brassica napus. JSUT 32(1): 23-28.
Hegab, M.M. and Ghareib, H.R. (2010). Methanol extract potential of field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) for Wheat growth enhancement.International Jornal of Botany. 6(3):334–342
Hesammi, E. (2012). Allelopathic effects of Carthamus oxyacantha and Chenopodium mural on germination and initial growth of Phasaeolous vulgaris. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 1(2): 54-56.
Hesammi, E., Farshidi, A., Talebi, A. and Jahedi Pour, S. (2014). Evaluation of allelopathic effects of different parts of Sesamume indicum seeds on germination of Hordeum vulgare seeds. WALIA Journal, 30(1): 27-30.
Inderjit, A. and Duke, S.O. (2003). Ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy. Planta. 217: 529–539.
Joshi, N. and Joshi, A. (2016). Allelopathic effects of weed extracts on germination of wheat. Annals of Plant Sciences, 5(5), 1330-1334.
Marianne, K., Morten, S. and Beate, S. (2000). Ecological effects of allelopathic plants, a review. NERY. Technical Report No.35 http:// wwwdmu.du/1 viden.
Mashyekhi, K. and Atashi, S. (2015). Guide to Plant Physiology Experiments (Examination of plants before and after harvest). Agricultural Education and Natural Resources Research Publications. PP: 149-199.
Mohamadi, N. and Rajaie, P. (2009). Effect of aqueous euqalyptus (E.camadulensis L.) extracts on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological respones of phaseolus vulgaris and sorghum bicolor.Rasearch Journal of Bilogical Sciences, 4(12): 1292-1296.
Mohammadi, N., Rajaii, P. and Fahimi, H. (2012). Evaluation of allelopathic effect of eucalyptus leaf extract on morphological and physiological parameters of monocotyledonous and icotyledonous plants. Iran Biology magazine. 15(3):456-464.
Mondal, N.K., Das, C.R., Aditya, J.K., Datta, A., Banerjee, A. and Das, K. (2012). Allelopathic potentialities of leachates of leaf litter of some selected tree species on gram seeds under laboratory conditions. Asian Journal of experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. 3(1):59–65.
Natarajan, A., and Elavazhagan, P. (2014). Allelopathic Influence of Trianthima Portulacastrum L. On Growth and Developmental Responses of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.), International Journal of Current Biotechnology. 2(3):1-5.
Niakan, M. and Saberi, K. (2009). Effects of Eucalyptus Allelopathy on Growth Characters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Phalaris Weed. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 8: 440-446.
Nimisha, A and N.B. Singh, N.B. (2017). Responses of enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation in wheat seedlings under stress. Allelopathy Journal 42 (2): 195-206
Norouzi1, N., Niakan, M., Ebadi, M. and Younesabadi, M. (2021). Evaluation of allopathic effects of wild melon (Cucumis melo L.) on the growth and antioxidant system of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology. 63 (3): 35-48.
Noor-Shah, A.N., Iqbal, J., Fahad, S., Tanveer, M., Yang, G.Z., Khan, E.A., Shahzad, B Yousaf, M., Hassan, W., Ullah, A., Bukhari, M.A., Salah, A., Saud, S., and Alharby, H. (2016). Allelopathic Influence of Sesame and Green Gram Intercrops on Cotton in a Replacement Series. Clean Soil Air Water. 45(1).
Prasanta, C. and Inderjit, B. (2003). Challenges and opportunities in implementing allelopathy for natural weed management. Crop Protection, 22(4):661-671.
Rahemi, A. Tazike, N., Yunesabadi, M., Gholamalipoor-Alamdari, E. and Rezvan-Talab, N. (2019). Investigation of other potential harm of hydromethanolic extract of sesame shoot on germination characteristics and seedling growth of Cucumis melo var.agrestis. Journal of Seed Research. 10(1): 30-38.
Rajaei, A., Barzegar, M. and Sahari, M.A. (2008). Comparison of Antioxidative Effect of Tea and Sesame Seed Oils Extracted by Different Methods.Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 10: 345-350.
Reigosa, M.J., Pedrol, N. and Gonzalez, L. (2006). Allelopathy. A physiological process with ecological implications. The Netherlands, Springer.
Rice, E.L. (1984). Chemically Mediated Interactions between Plants and Other Organisms. Allelopathy and Overrview. Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma.
Somwanshi, S.B., Hiremath, S.N. and Jat, R.K. (2018). Standardization and phytochemical investigation of Sesamum indicum L. seed extract.Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 7(4): 1293-1296.
Tazikeh, N., Rahemi-Karizaki, A., Younesabadi, M., Gholamalipour-Alamdari, E. and Behrooj, M. (2019). Effect of hydromethanolic extract of sesame on germination parameters of wild melon. Iranian weed science. 8th Weed Science Conference. 422-426.
Weir, T.L., Park, S.W., and Vivanco, M.J. (2004). Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 7:472–479.
Xuan, T.D., Anh, L.H., Khang, D.T., Tuyen, P.T., Minh, T.N., Khanh, T.D., and Trung, K.H. (2016). Weed Allelochemicals and Possibility for Pest Management. International Letters of Natural Sciences. 56: 25-39.
Yang, J.C., Wang, Z.Q., and Zhu, Q.S. (2002). Carbon remobilization and grain filling in Japonica /Indica hybrid rice subjected to postanthesis water deficits .Agronomy Journal.94:102-109.
Yu, J.Q. and Matsui, Y. (1997). Effects of root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and allelochemicals on ion uptake by cucumber seedling. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23: 817-827
Zhou, Y.H., and Yu, J.Q. (2006). Allelochemicals and Photosynthesis. Manuel J. Reigosa, Nuria Pedrol and Lus Gonzlez, (eds.), 127-139.