اثر علف‌های هرز خارشتر (Alhagi maurorum L.) و ازمک (Cardaria draba L.) بر جذب عناصر معدنی در گندم
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
نیر محمدخانی
1
(مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران)
مسلم ثروتی
2
(مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران)
کلید واژه: آللوپاتی, برهم‌کنش, محتوای عناصر غذایی, مواد آللوشیمیایی,
چکیده مقاله :
آللوپاتی می تواند بر رشد گیاهان اثر کند و محتوای مواد غذایی آنها را تغییر دهد. هدف تحقیق حاضر مطالعه اثر آللوپاتی خارشتر (Alhagi maurorum L.) و ازمک (Cardaria draba L.) که از علف های هرز مهم مزارع گندم هستند، بر جذب عناصر غذایی در این محصول بود. آزمایش های گلدانی برای مطالعه اثر آللوپاتی خاک ریزوسفری خارشتر و ازمک بر محتوای مواد غذایی معدنی در گندم طراحی شد. در گیاهان گندم کشت شده در خاک ریزوسفری خارشتر و ازمک جذب عناصر غذایی پرمصرف (NO3-، K+، Ca2+ و P) و کم مصرف (Fe2+ و Cu2+) در ریشه و اندام هوایی کاهش یافت، آللوپاتی بر جذب Mg2+، Mn2+ و Zn2+ تقریبا اثری نداشت. اثر آللوپاتی خارشتر به طور معنی داری بیشتر از ازمک بود. به نظر می رسد کاهش جذب عناصر معدنی به‌دلیل اثر آللوپاتی مواد آللوشیمیایی ترشح شده از ریشه گیاهان ازمک و خارشتر بوده است.
Allelopathy can affect the plant growth and change the soil nutrient contents. The aim of this study was evaluation of the allelopathic effects of Alhagi maurorum L. and Cardaria draba L. as two important weeds in wheat fields on nutrient absorption of this crop. Pot experiments were designed to study the allelopathic effects of A. maurorum and C. draba shoots on mineral nutrient contents in wheat. The absorption of high demand (NO3-, K+, Ca2+ and P) and low demand micronutrients (Fe2+ and Cu2+) in roots and shoots of wheat plants reduced in plants cultivated on rhizospheric soil of A. maurorum and C. draba. Allelopathy did not affect absorption of Mg2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. Allelopathic effect of A. maurorum was significantly (P<0.05) higher than C. draba. It seems that decrease in mineral nutrients absorption was because of allopathic effects of the released allelochemicals from the roots of C. draba and A. maurorum.
Baziramakenga, R., Simard, R.R. and Leroux, G.D. (1994). Effects of benzoic and cinnamic acids on growth, mineral composition, and chlorophyll content of soybean. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 20: 2821-2833.
Bergmark, C.L., Jackson, W.A., Volk, R.J. and Blum, U. (1992). Differential inhibition by ferulic acid of nitrate and ammonium uptake in Zea mays L. Plant Physiology. 98: 639-645.
Cataldo, D.A., Haroon, M., Schrader, L.E. and Youngs, V.L. (1975). Rapid colorimetric determination in plant tissues by nitration of salisylic acid. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 6: 71-80.
Cheng, F. and Cheng Z. (2015). Research progress on the use of plant allelopathy in agriculture and the physiological and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy.Frontiers in Plant Science. 6:1020-1025.
FAO. (2010). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Quarterly bulletin of statistics. Rome, Italy.
Field, B., Jordan, F. and Osbourn, A. (2006). First encounters–deployment of defence-related natural products by plants. New Phytologist. 172: 193–207.
Geng, G.D., Zhang, S.Q. and Cheng, Z.H. (2009). Effects of different allelochemicals on mineral elements absorption of tomato root. China Vegetables. 4: 48-51.
Houssien, A.A., Ismail, A.A. and Sabra, F.S. (2014). Allelopathic assessment of aqueous extract of Alhagi maurorum and Sorghum bicholor. Egyptian Journal of Plant Production and Research. 2(4): 56-73.
Kiemnec, G.L. and Mcinnis, M.L. (2002). White top (Cardaria draba) Root extract reduce germination and root growth of five plant species. Weed Technology. 16: 231- 234.
Li, Z.H., Wang, Q., Ruan, X., Pan, C.D. and Jiang, D.A. (2010). Phenolics and plant allelopathy. Molecules. 15: 8933-8952.
Lv, W.G., Zhang, C.L., Yuan, F. and Peng, Y. (2002). Mechanism of allelochemicals inhibiting continuous cropping cucumber growth. Chinese agricultural science. 35: 106-109.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J.P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta. 27: 31-36.
Rice, E.L. (1984). Allelopathy, 2nded. New York, Academic Press.
Saleh, A.M. and Madany, M. (2014). Investigation of allelopathic potential of Alhagi graecorum Boiss. Asia Journal of Agricultural Research. 8(1): 42-50.
Samad, M.A., Rahman, M.M., Hossaini, A.K.M.M., Rahman, M.S. and Rahman, S.M. (2008). Allelopathic effects of five selected weed species on seed germination and seedling growth of corn. Journal of Soil and Nature. 2: 13-18.
Slafer, G.A. (1994). Genetic improvement of field crops. Marcel Dekker Inc. pp. 470.
Silva, R.M.G., Brante, R.T., Santos, V.H.M., Mecina, G.F. and Silva, L.P. (2014). Phytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of turnip leaves (Raphanus sativus L.). Bioscience Journal. 30: 891-902.
Walker, R.R., Blackmore, D.H., Clingeleffer, P.R. and Correll, R.L. (2004). Rootstock effects on salt tolerance of irrigated field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana) 2. Ion concentrations in leaves and juice. Australian Journal of Grape Wine and Research. 10: 90-99.
White, C.S. (1994). Monoterpenes: Their effects on ecosystem nutrient cycling. Journal of Chemical Ecology.20: 1381-1406.
Yu, J.Q. and Matsui, Y. (1997). Effects of root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and allelochemicals on ion uptake by cucumber seedlings. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23: 817-827.
Yuan, G.L., Ma, R.X., Liu, X.F. and Sun, S.S. (1998). Effect of allelochemicals on nitrogen absorption of wheat seeding. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture. 2:39-41.
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Baziramakenga, R., Simard, R.R. and Leroux, G.D. (1994). Effects of benzoic and cinnamic acids on growth, mineral composition, and chlorophyll content of soybean. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 20: 2821-2833.
Bergmark, C.L., Jackson, W.A., Volk, R.J. and Blum, U. (1992). Differential inhibition by ferulic acid of nitrate and ammonium uptake in Zea mays L. Plant Physiology. 98: 639-645.
Cataldo, D.A., Haroon, M., Schrader, L.E. and Youngs, V.L. (1975). Rapid colorimetric determination in plant tissues by nitration of salisylic acid. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 6: 71-80.
Cheng, F. and Cheng Z. (2015). Research progress on the use of plant allelopathy in agriculture and the physiological and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy.Frontiers in Plant Science. 6:1020-1025.
FAO. (2010). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Quarterly bulletin of statistics. Rome, Italy.
Field, B., Jordan, F. and Osbourn, A. (2006). First encounters–deployment of defence-related natural products by plants. New Phytologist. 172: 193–207.
Geng, G.D., Zhang, S.Q. and Cheng, Z.H. (2009). Effects of different allelochemicals on mineral elements absorption of tomato root. China Vegetables. 4: 48-51.
Houssien, A.A., Ismail, A.A. and Sabra, F.S. (2014). Allelopathic assessment of aqueous extract of Alhagi maurorum and Sorghum bicholor. Egyptian Journal of Plant Production and Research. 2(4): 56-73.
Kiemnec, G.L. and Mcinnis, M.L. (2002). White top (Cardaria draba) Root extract reduce germination and root growth of five plant species. Weed Technology. 16: 231- 234.
Li, Z.H., Wang, Q., Ruan, X., Pan, C.D. and Jiang, D.A. (2010). Phenolics and plant allelopathy. Molecules. 15: 8933-8952.
Lv, W.G., Zhang, C.L., Yuan, F. and Peng, Y. (2002). Mechanism of allelochemicals inhibiting continuous cropping cucumber growth. Chinese agricultural science. 35: 106-109.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J.P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta. 27: 31-36.
Rice, E.L. (1984). Allelopathy, 2nded. New York, Academic Press.
Saleh, A.M. and Madany, M. (2014). Investigation of allelopathic potential of Alhagi graecorum Boiss. Asia Journal of Agricultural Research. 8(1): 42-50.
Samad, M.A., Rahman, M.M., Hossaini, A.K.M.M., Rahman, M.S. and Rahman, S.M. (2008). Allelopathic effects of five selected weed species on seed germination and seedling growth of corn. Journal of Soil and Nature. 2: 13-18.
Slafer, G.A. (1994). Genetic improvement of field crops. Marcel Dekker Inc. pp. 470.
Silva, R.M.G., Brante, R.T., Santos, V.H.M., Mecina, G.F. and Silva, L.P. (2014). Phytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of turnip leaves (Raphanus sativus L.). Bioscience Journal. 30: 891-902.
Walker, R.R., Blackmore, D.H., Clingeleffer, P.R. and Correll, R.L. (2004). Rootstock effects on salt tolerance of irrigated field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana) 2. Ion concentrations in leaves and juice. Australian Journal of Grape Wine and Research. 10: 90-99.
White, C.S. (1994). Monoterpenes: Their effects on ecosystem nutrient cycling. Journal of Chemical Ecology.20: 1381-1406.
Yu, J.Q. and Matsui, Y. (1997). Effects of root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and allelochemicals on ion uptake by cucumber seedlings. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23: 817-827.
Yuan, G.L., Ma, R.X., Liu, X.F. and Sun, S.S. (1998). Effect of allelochemicals on nitrogen absorption of wheat seeding. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture. 2:39-41.