بررسی تنش خشکی بر روی عملکرد و کیفیت هشت رقم سویا (Glycin max L.) در منطقه سیستان
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
احمد مهربان
1
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امید عزیزیان شرمه
2
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افسانه کمالی دلجو
3
1 - استادیار گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی زاهدان، ایران
2 - دانشکده علوم پایه، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد, تنش, سویا, رقم, دمای کانوپی,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق جهت بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر روی عملکرد و کیفیت هشت رقم سویا در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان زهک اجرا شد. این آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد.کرت اصلی شامل دو سطح آبیاری کامل (شاهد) و تنش خشکی (قطع آب در فاز زایشی) و کرت فرعی شامل ارقام سویا PE، HT، V292، سحر، M7، DPX کتول، M9، ویلیامز بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تنش خشکی بر کلیه صفات مورد آزمایش از جمله ارتفاع بوته، طول غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته، دمای کانوپی، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد کوانتومی و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار شد و روی تعداد دانه در غلاف و شاخص برداشت تاثیر معنی داری نداشت .. تیمار رقم نیز به طور معنی‌داری بر کلیه صفات کمی و کیفی در گیاه سویا تاثیرگذار بود، به‌طوری که بیشترین عملکرد دانه از رقم PE بدست آمد در حالی‌که تأثیر آن روی صفات فنولوژیکی، طول غلاف و دمای کانوپی معنی‌دار نبود. بر همکنش تنش خشکی و رقم بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد کوآنتومی و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار و بر بقیه ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی معنی‌دار نشد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار آبیاری کامل (شاهد)، و رقم PE مشاهده گردید.
This study aimed to check the effect of drought stress on yield and quality of eight cultivars of soybean in the Natural Resources and Agriculture Research Farm of Zehak during the crop year 2013-2014. The study was conducted based on a split plot randomized complete bock design with tree iterations. The main plot involved two irrigation levels (control) and drought (water stress in reproductive phase) and the subplots included soybean cultivars PE, HT, V292, Sahar, M7, DPX Katool, M9, and Williams. The results showed that the effect of drought stress on all traits including plant height, pod length, number of pods per plant, canopy temperature, grain weight, quantum yield, and grain yield were significant. On the other hand, the number of seeds per pod and harvest index were not significantly affected by draught stress. The effect of cultivar was also significant on all qualitative and quantitative traits so that the highest grain yield was obtained from PE while its impact on phonological traits, pod length, and canopy temperature was not significant. The interaction of draught stress on plant height, number of pods per plant, quantum yield, seed yield, and the rest of the properties under study was not significant. The highest grain yield was observed in full irrigation (control) and PE cultivar.
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