تعیین مهم‌ترین صفات مؤثر بر نشت الکترولیتی گلابی وحشی (Pyrus biossieriana Buhse) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی با استفاده از روش‌های آماری چند متغیره
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکسید مرتضی زاهدی 1 , مهدیه کریمی 2 , فرزاد کیان ارثی 3
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
کلید واژه: تجزیه علیت, همبستگی, نشت الکترولیت‌ها, رگرسیون گام به گام, گلابی وحشی,
چکیده مقاله :
گلابی وحشی یک پایه مهم برای ارقام مختلف گلابی محسوب می‌شود و با توجه به اینکه تا حدودی بردبار به خشکی بوده، کاربرد تیمارهای مختلف برای افزایش تحمل آن در مقابله با تنش خشکی امری ضروری است. نشت الکترولیت‌ها عامل مهم و مؤثر در پاسخ به تنش خشکی و صفات مربوط به آن می‌باشد. برای این منظور آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار جهت شناسایی صفات مؤثر بر نشت الکترولیتی طراحی گردید. این صفات در 12 تیمار شامل سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی و غلظت‌های مختلف براسینواستروئید روی گلابی وحشی در بهار و تابستان سال 1395 در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. نتایج همبستگی سایر صفات با نشت الکترولیت نشان داد که این صفت با صفات میزان پرولین (**83/0r= )، مالون دآلدئید (**98/0r= ) و پراکسید هیدروژن (**87/0r= ) همبستگی مثبت و کاملاً معنی‌دار و با صفات وزن خشک ریشه، برگ و ساقه، رشد طولی، کلروفیل a، b و کاروتنوئید همبستگی منفی و کاملاً معنی‌دار داشت. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که چهار صفت کلروفیل a، وزن خشک برگ، رشد طولی و پراکسید هیدروژن در مجموع 99% از تغییرات را توجیه نمودند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه علیت، میزان پراکسید هیدروژن بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم مثبت (083/0) و صفات رشد طولی و کلروفیل a بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم و منفی را بر نشت الکترولیت‌ها داشتند. صفت میزان پراکسید هیدروژن بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم و مثبت را از طریق کاهش میزان کلروفیل a بر نشت الکترولیت‌ها داشت. صفت رشد طولی بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم و منفی را از طریق کلروفیل a بر نشت الکترولیت‌ها داشت. با استفاده از نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان علاوه بر اندازه‌گیری نشت الکترولیت‌ها به صورت مستقیم، تیمارهای افزایش تحمل به تنش خشکی در گلابی وحشی را با اندازه‌گیری میزان پراکسید هیدروژن، رشد طولی و کلروفیل a توصیه نمود.
Wild pears are an important rootstock for different pear cultivars and considering it is nearly tolerant to drought stress it is necessary to use different treatments to increase its tolerance to drought stress. Electrolytes leakage is an important and effective factor in response to drought stress and related traits. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was designed in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications to identify the traits affecting electrolytes leakage. These traits were studied in 12 treatments including different levels of drought stress and different concentrations of brassinosteroids on wild pears in spring and summer of 2017 in greenhouse conditions. The result showed a positive significant correlation between proline content (0.83**), malondialdehyde (0.98**), hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage. The correlation for dry weight of root, leaf and stem, height growth, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid was significantly negative. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that chlorophyll a, leaf dry weight, height growth and hydrogen peroxide were the most important effective traits on electrolytes leakage and showed 99% of total variance. Based on the path analysis results, the traits of electrolytes leakage and height growth and chlorophyll a showed the maximum positive direct and significant at p
Ali, B., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. (2007). 28-Homobrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 217–223.
Amraee Tabar, S., Ershdi, A. and Robati, T. (2016). The effect of putrescine and spermine on drought tolerance of almond and peach. Journal of Crops Improvement. 18: 203-218, (In Farsi).
Arji, A. and Arzani, K. (2000). Growth response and prolin accumulation in three variety of Iranian olive to drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science. 10: 91-100.
Bates, L. S., Waldern, R.P. and Teare, M. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39: 205-207.
Behnamnia, M. (2015). Protective Roles of Brassinolide on Tomato Seedlings under Drought Stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 8 (3): 455- 462.
Boroujerdnia, M. Bihamta, M. Alami Said, k. and Abdossi, V. (2016). Effect of drought tension on proline content, soluble carbohydrates, electrolytes leakage and relative water content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Crop Physiology Journal. 8 (23): 23-41, (In Farsi).
Couteau, C. and Coiffard, L.J. (2000). Photostability determination of arbutin, a vegetable whitening agent. Farmaco. 55:410-3.
Cvikrov, M., Gemperlová, L. Martincová, O. and Vanková, R. (2013). Effect of drought and combined drought and heat stress on polyamine metabolism in proline-over-producing tobacco plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 73: 7-15.
Emam, Y. and Borjan, A.R. (2000). Yield and yield components of two winter wheat cultivars in response to rate and time of foliar application. Journal of Agriculture Science. 2: 263-270.
Etoh, T. and Simon, P.W. (2002). Diversity, Fertility, and seed production of garlic. In: Allium crop science: Recent Advances, pp.101-117. eds. H.D. Rabinowitch, and L. Currah. CABI international, New York.
Etoh, T., Watanabe, H. and Iwai, S. (2001). RAPD variation of garlic clones in the center of origin and the westernmost area of distribution. Memories of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kagoshima University. 37: 21-27.
Fang-gong, S., Ti-da, G. Ping, B.L. Yan, L.Y. and Guang-sheng, Z. (2006). Effects of Water Stress on the Protective Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation in Roots and Leaves of Summer Maize. Agricultural Sciences in China. 5(4): 101-105.
Fariduddin, Q., Khanam, S., Hasan, S.A., Ali, B., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. (2009). Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on drought stress induced changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Brassica juncea L. Acta Physiology Plant. 31: 889-897.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D. and. Basra, S.M.A (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29: 185-212.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Basra, S. M.A and Din, I.U. (2009). Improving water relations and gas Exchange with brassinosteroids in rice under drought stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 195: 262–269.
Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. (1969). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplast I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 125:189–198.
Kagale, S., Divi, U.K., Krochko, J.E., Keller, W.A and Krishna, P. (2007). Brassinosteroid confers tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus to a range of abiotic stresses. Planta. 225(2): 53–364.
Kannan, N.D. and Kulandaivelu, G. (2011). Drought induced changes in physiological, biochemical and phytochemical properties of Withania somnifera Dun. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(16): 3929-3935.
Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M. and Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Journal of Annual Botany. 78: 389-398.
Maab, H.I. and Klaas, M. (1995). Intraspecific differentiation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by isozyme and RAPD markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 91: 89-97.
Mohammadi, S.A. and Prasanna, B.M. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants- Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science. 43: 1235-1248.
Paquin, R. and Lechasseur, P. (1979). Observations sur une methode de dosage de la praline libre dansles extraits de plants. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57: 1851-1854. (In France).
Porra, R. J. (2002). The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b. Photosynthesis Research. 73: 149-156.
Qu, Y.N., Zhou, Q. and Yu, B.J. (2009). Effects of Zn2+ and niflumic acid on photosynthesis in Glycine soja and Glycine max seedlings under NaCl stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 65: 304-309.
Sahni, S., Prasad, B.D., Liu, Q., Grbic, V., Sharpe, A., Singh S.P. and Krishna, P. (2016). Overexpression of the brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene DWF4 in Brassica napus simultaneously increases seed yield and stress tolerance. Scientific Reports. 6:1-4.
Sergiev, I., Alexieva, V., Karanov, E. and Mapelli, S. (2001). The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment. 24:1337-1344.
Turner, N. C. (1981). Techniques and experimental approaches for the measurement of plant water stress. Plant and Soil. 58: 339-366.
Viakumar, C., Salmath, P.M., Goud, J.V. and Parameshw, R. (1991). Genetic variability and genotype environment interaction in chickpea. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University. 16(1): 37-39.
Xia, X.J., Wang, Y.J., Zhou, Y.H., Tao, Y., Mao, W.H., Shi, K., Asami, T., Chen, Z.X. and Yu, J.Q. (2009). Reactive oxygen species are involved in brassinosteroid-induced stress tolerance in cucumber. Plant Physiology. 150: 801–814.
Yuan, G.F., Jia, C.G., Li, Z., Sun, B., Zhang, L.P., Liu, N. and Wang, G.M. (2010). Effect of brassinosteroids on drought resistance and abscisic acid concentration in tomato under water stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 126: 103–108.
Zahedi, S.M. Hosseini, M.S. and Karimi, M. (2017). The effects of drought stress and brassinosteroid solution spray on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of wild pear (Pyrus biossieriana Buhse). Plant Process and Function. Accepted. (In Farsi).
Zarafshar, M., Akbarinia, M, Askary, H, Hosseini, S.M. and Rahaie, M. (2016). Drought Resistance of Wild Pear (Pyrus boisseriana Buhse). Forest and wood products. 69 (1). 97-110, (In Farsi).
Zarafshar, M, Akbarinia, M, Askary, H, Hosseini, S.M. and Rahaie, M. (2015). Effects of TiO2 NPs on alleviation of drought negative effects in wild pear seedlings. Plant Ecosystem Conversation. 3 (6): 81-94, (In Farsi).
Zarafshar, M. Akbarinia, M. Askari, H. Hosseini, S.M., Rahaie, M. Struve, D. and Striker, G.G. (2014). Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to soil water deficit in seedlings of three populations of wild pear tree (Pyrus boisseriana). Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment. 18(3): 353-366.
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Ali, B., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. (2007). 28-Homobrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 217–223.
Amraee Tabar, S., Ershdi, A. and Robati, T. (2016). The effect of putrescine and spermine on drought tolerance of almond and peach. Journal of Crops Improvement. 18: 203-218, (In Farsi).
Arji, A. and Arzani, K. (2000). Growth response and prolin accumulation in three variety of Iranian olive to drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science. 10: 91-100.
Bates, L. S., Waldern, R.P. and Teare, M. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39: 205-207.
Behnamnia, M. (2015). Protective Roles of Brassinolide on Tomato Seedlings under Drought Stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 8 (3): 455- 462.
Boroujerdnia, M. Bihamta, M. Alami Said, k. and Abdossi, V. (2016). Effect of drought tension on proline content, soluble carbohydrates, electrolytes leakage and relative water content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Crop Physiology Journal. 8 (23): 23-41, (In Farsi).
Couteau, C. and Coiffard, L.J. (2000). Photostability determination of arbutin, a vegetable whitening agent. Farmaco. 55:410-3.
Cvikrov, M., Gemperlová, L. Martincová, O. and Vanková, R. (2013). Effect of drought and combined drought and heat stress on polyamine metabolism in proline-over-producing tobacco plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 73: 7-15.
Emam, Y. and Borjan, A.R. (2000). Yield and yield components of two winter wheat cultivars in response to rate and time of foliar application. Journal of Agriculture Science. 2: 263-270.
Etoh, T. and Simon, P.W. (2002). Diversity, Fertility, and seed production of garlic. In: Allium crop science: Recent Advances, pp.101-117. eds. H.D. Rabinowitch, and L. Currah. CABI international, New York.
Etoh, T., Watanabe, H. and Iwai, S. (2001). RAPD variation of garlic clones in the center of origin and the westernmost area of distribution. Memories of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kagoshima University. 37: 21-27.
Fang-gong, S., Ti-da, G. Ping, B.L. Yan, L.Y. and Guang-sheng, Z. (2006). Effects of Water Stress on the Protective Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation in Roots and Leaves of Summer Maize. Agricultural Sciences in China. 5(4): 101-105.
Fariduddin, Q., Khanam, S., Hasan, S.A., Ali, B., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. (2009). Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on drought stress induced changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Brassica juncea L. Acta Physiology Plant. 31: 889-897.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D. and. Basra, S.M.A (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29: 185-212.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Basra, S. M.A and Din, I.U. (2009). Improving water relations and gas Exchange with brassinosteroids in rice under drought stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 195: 262–269.
Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. (1969). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplast I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 125:189–198.
Kagale, S., Divi, U.K., Krochko, J.E., Keller, W.A and Krishna, P. (2007). Brassinosteroid confers tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus to a range of abiotic stresses. Planta. 225(2): 53–364.
Kannan, N.D. and Kulandaivelu, G. (2011). Drought induced changes in physiological, biochemical and phytochemical properties of Withania somnifera Dun. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(16): 3929-3935.
Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M. and Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Journal of Annual Botany. 78: 389-398.
Maab, H.I. and Klaas, M. (1995). Intraspecific differentiation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by isozyme and RAPD markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 91: 89-97.
Mohammadi, S.A. and Prasanna, B.M. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants- Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science. 43: 1235-1248.
Paquin, R. and Lechasseur, P. (1979). Observations sur une methode de dosage de la praline libre dansles extraits de plants. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57: 1851-1854. (In France).
Porra, R. J. (2002). The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b. Photosynthesis Research. 73: 149-156.
Qu, Y.N., Zhou, Q. and Yu, B.J. (2009). Effects of Zn2+ and niflumic acid on photosynthesis in Glycine soja and Glycine max seedlings under NaCl stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 65: 304-309.
Sahni, S., Prasad, B.D., Liu, Q., Grbic, V., Sharpe, A., Singh S.P. and Krishna, P. (2016). Overexpression of the brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene DWF4 in Brassica napus simultaneously increases seed yield and stress tolerance. Scientific Reports. 6:1-4.
Sergiev, I., Alexieva, V., Karanov, E. and Mapelli, S. (2001). The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment. 24:1337-1344.
Turner, N. C. (1981). Techniques and experimental approaches for the measurement of plant water stress. Plant and Soil. 58: 339-366.
Viakumar, C., Salmath, P.M., Goud, J.V. and Parameshw, R. (1991). Genetic variability and genotype environment interaction in chickpea. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University. 16(1): 37-39.
Xia, X.J., Wang, Y.J., Zhou, Y.H., Tao, Y., Mao, W.H., Shi, K., Asami, T., Chen, Z.X. and Yu, J.Q. (2009). Reactive oxygen species are involved in brassinosteroid-induced stress tolerance in cucumber. Plant Physiology. 150: 801–814.
Yuan, G.F., Jia, C.G., Li, Z., Sun, B., Zhang, L.P., Liu, N. and Wang, G.M. (2010). Effect of brassinosteroids on drought resistance and abscisic acid concentration in tomato under water stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 126: 103–108.
Zahedi, S.M. Hosseini, M.S. and Karimi, M. (2017). The effects of drought stress and brassinosteroid solution spray on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of wild pear (Pyrus biossieriana Buhse). Plant Process and Function. Accepted. (In Farsi).
Zarafshar, M., Akbarinia, M, Askary, H, Hosseini, S.M. and Rahaie, M. (2016). Drought Resistance of Wild Pear (Pyrus boisseriana Buhse). Forest and wood products. 69 (1). 97-110, (In Farsi).
Zarafshar, M, Akbarinia, M, Askary, H, Hosseini, S.M. and Rahaie, M. (2015). Effects of TiO2 NPs on alleviation of drought negative effects in wild pear seedlings. Plant Ecosystem Conversation. 3 (6): 81-94, (In Farsi).
Zarafshar, M. Akbarinia, M. Askari, H. Hosseini, S.M., Rahaie, M. Struve, D. and Striker, G.G. (2014). Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to soil water deficit in seedlings of three populations of wild pear tree (Pyrus boisseriana). Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment. 18(3): 353-366.