بررسی عملکرد دانه، میزان کلروفیل، مواد اسمولیتی، فنول کل و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز ذرت (Zea mays L.) در پاسخ به تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
وحید نصراله زاده اصل
1
(گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
سجاد محرم نژاد
2
(گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.)
مهری یوسفی
3
(گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: ذرت, تنش خشکی, پرولین, عملکرد دانه, قندهای محلول, فعالیت کاتالاز,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد دانه، میزان کلروفیل (a+b)، گلایسین بتائین، پرولین، قندهای محلول، پلی‌فنول کل و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در هیبریدهای ذرت در پاسخ به تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1390 و 1391 در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقاتی مغان اجرا شد. عامل اصلی تنش خشکی در دو سطح (آبیاری عادی و قطع آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه) و عامل فرعی هیبریدهای ذرت (NS640، SC704 و SC720) بودند. تجزیه مرکب داده ها نشان داد که تنش خشکی بر همه صفات اثر معنی داری داشت. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه و میزان کلروفیل (a+b) شد. اما تنش خشکی باعث افزایش میزان گلایسین بتائین، پرولین، قندهای محلول، پلی فنول کل و فعالیت کاتالاز در برگ های هیبرید ذرت مورد مطالعه گشت. سینگل کراس 704 دارای بیشترین عملکرد دانه و مواد اسمولیتی را در بین هیبریدهای ذرت مورد مطالعه به خود اختصاص داد. براساس نتایج حاصل، می توان از عملکرد دانه، میزان کلروفیل، مواد اسمولیتی (گلایسین بتائین و پرولین)، قندهای محلول، پلی فنول کل و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز برای بررسی نحوه پاسخ هیبریدهای ذرت به تنش خشکی و شناسایی ارقام متحمل استفاده کرد.
To study the response of grain yield, chlorophyll (a+b) content, glycine betaine, proline, soluble sugars, total phenolics, and catalase (CAT) activity in maize hybrids to drought stress during kernel filling stage, a field experiment was carried out as a split plot completely randomized block design with four replications in Moghan Research Station, during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. The main plots were composed of two drought stress levels including commonly available irrigation water (control) and no irrigation at kernel filling stage. Three maize hybrids including NS640, SC704, and SC720 were allocated into sub-plots. Analysis of the data suggested that drought stress significantly affected all measured characters and reduced grain yield and chlorophyll (a+b) content. Drought stress also increased glycine betaine, proline, soluble sugars, total phenolics, and CAT activity about 30.2, 36.7, 17.8, 38.8 and %15.2, respectively. SC704 displayed maximum grain yield and osmolyte accumulation. Based on the findings of the study, grain yield, chlorophyll (a+b) content, glycine betaine, proline, soluble sugars, total phenolics, and catalase (CAT) activity can be used to study drought-response and drought-tolerance of maize hybrids.
Adebayo, M.A., Menkir, A., Blay, E., Gracen, V., Danquah, E. and Hearne, S. (2014). Genetic analysis of drought tolerance in adapted × exotic crosses of maize inbred lines under managed stress conditions. Euphytica. 196: 261–270.
Alipour, M., Ranjbar, G., Khorasani, S.K. and Babaeian Jelodar, N. (2014). Evaluation of drought tolerance in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). Journal of Crop Breeding. 6(14): 41-53.
Anjum, S.A., Wang, L.C., Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Xue, L.L. and Zou, C.M. (2011). Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange. Journal of Agronomy of Crop Science. 197: 177-185.
Ashraf, M. (2010). Inducing drought tolerance in plants: some recent advances. Biotechnology Advances. 28: 169-183.
Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. (2007). Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 206–216.
Bates, S., Waldern, R.P. and Teare, E.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soli. 39: 205-207.
Chaum, S., Siringam, K., Juntawong, J. and Kirdmanee, C. (2010). Water relations, pigment stabilization, photosynthetic abilities and growth improvement in salt stressed rice plants treated with exogenous potassium nitrate application. International Journal of Plant Production. 4: 187-198.
Cruz de Carvalho, M.H. (2008). Drought stress and reactive oxygen species. Plant Signal Behavior. 3: 156-165.
Giancarla, V., Madosa, E., Ciulca, S., Coradini, R., Iuliana, C., Mihaela, M. and Lazar, A. (2013). Influence of water stress on the chlorophyll content in barley. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology. 17: 223-228.
Greive, C.M. and Grattan, S.R. (1983). Rapid assay for determination of water-soluble quaternary amino compounds. Plant Soil. 70: 303-307.
Gill, S.S. and Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 48: 909-930.
Hajibabaei, M. and Azizi, F, (2011). Evaluation of drought tolerance indices in some new hybrids of corn. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 4(3): 139-155.
Johari, M. (2010). Effect of soil water stress on yield and proline content of four wheat lines African Journal of Biotechnology. 9: 36-40
Kalamian, S., Modares Sanavi, A.M. and Sepehri, A. (2005). Effect of water deficit at vegetative and reproductive growth stages in leafy and commercial hybrids of maize. Journal of Water, Soil and Plant in Agriculture. 5(3): 38-53.
Kaman, H., Kirda, C. and Sesveren, S. (2011). Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 98: 801-807.
Kumar, N., Pal, M., Singh, A., SaiRam, R.K. and Srivastava, G.C. (2010). Exogenous proline alleviates oxidative stress and increase vase life in rose. Scientia Horticulturae. 127: 79-85.
Makumbi, D., Betraun, J.F., Baunziger, M. and Ribaut, J.M. (2011). Combining ability, heterosis and genetic diversity in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) under stress and non-stress conditions. Euphytica. 180:143–162.
Moharramnejad, S., Sofalian, O., Valizadeh, M., Asgari, A. and Shiri, M.R. (2015). Proline, glycine betaine, total phenolics and pigment contents in response to osmotic stress in maize seedlings. Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology. 4: 313-319.
Moharramnejad, S., Sofalian, O., Valizadeh, M., Asgari, A. and Shiri, M.R. (2016). Response of antioxidant defense system to osmotic stress in maize seedlings. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 25: 805-811.
Naderi, R., Valizadeh, M., Toorchi, M. and Shakiba, M.R. (2014). Antioxidant enzyme changes in response to osmotic stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling. Acta Biologica Szegediensis. 58: 95-101.
Noreen, Z., amd Ashraf, M. (2009). Assessment of variation in antioxidative defense system in salt-treated pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and its putative use as salinity tolerance markers. Journal of Plant Physiology. 166: 1764-1774.
Porra, R.J., Thompson, W.A. and Kriedemann, P.E. (1989). Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Acta Biochemistry and Biophysics. 975: 384-394.
Rabbani, J. Emam, Y. (2012). Yield response of maize hybrids to drought stress at different growth stages. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(2): 65-78.
Ribaut, J.M., Betran, J., Monneveux, P. and Setter, T. (2012). Drought tolerance in maize. In: Bennetzen, J.L., Hake, S.C. (Eds.), Handbook of Maize: Its Biology. Springer, New York. pp. 11–34.
Ruiz, J.M. and Romero, L. (2001). Bioactivity of the phenolic compounds in higher plants. Biochemistry Journal. 20: 100-130.
Schlegel, H.G. (1956). Die verwertung organischer sauren durch chlorella in lincht. Planta. 47: 510-520.
Shiri, M.R. and Bahrampour, T. (2015). Genotype×environment interaction analysis using GGE biplot in grain maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under different irrigation conditions. Cereal Research. 5(1): 83-94.
Soltis, D.E. and Soltis, P.S. (1990). Isozymes in Plant Biology. Dioscorides Press, Portland. p: 259.
Valizadeh, M., Moharamnejad, S., Ahmadi, M. and Mohammadzadeh Jalaly, H. (2013). Changes in activity profile of some antioxidant enzymes in alfalfa half-sib families under salt stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 15: 801-809.
Wahid, A. and Ghazanfar, A. (2006). Possible involvement of some secondary metabolites in salt tolerance of sugarcane. Journal Plant Physiology. 163: 723–30.
Yan, W., Zhong, Y. and Shangguan, Z. (2016). Evaluation of physiological traits of summer maize under drought stress. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil and Plant Science. 66: 133-140.
Yang, Z., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Ling, H.Q. and Chu, C. (2009). OsMT1a, a type 1 metallothionein, plays the pivotal role in zinc homeostasis and drought tolerance in rice. Plant Molecular Biology. 70: 219-229.
Zlatev, Z. and Lidon, F.C. (2012). An overview on drought induced changes in plant growth, water relations and photosynthesis. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 24: 57-72.
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Adebayo, M.A., Menkir, A., Blay, E., Gracen, V., Danquah, E. and Hearne, S. (2014). Genetic analysis of drought tolerance in adapted × exotic crosses of maize inbred lines under managed stress conditions. Euphytica. 196: 261–270.
Alipour, M., Ranjbar, G., Khorasani, S.K. and Babaeian Jelodar, N. (2014). Evaluation of drought tolerance in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). Journal of Crop Breeding. 6(14): 41-53.
Anjum, S.A., Wang, L.C., Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Xue, L.L. and Zou, C.M. (2011). Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange. Journal of Agronomy of Crop Science. 197: 177-185.
Ashraf, M. (2010). Inducing drought tolerance in plants: some recent advances. Biotechnology Advances. 28: 169-183.
Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. (2007). Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 206–216.
Bates, S., Waldern, R.P. and Teare, E.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soli. 39: 205-207.
Chaum, S., Siringam, K., Juntawong, J. and Kirdmanee, C. (2010). Water relations, pigment stabilization, photosynthetic abilities and growth improvement in salt stressed rice plants treated with exogenous potassium nitrate application. International Journal of Plant Production. 4: 187-198.
Cruz de Carvalho, M.H. (2008). Drought stress and reactive oxygen species. Plant Signal Behavior. 3: 156-165.
Giancarla, V., Madosa, E., Ciulca, S., Coradini, R., Iuliana, C., Mihaela, M. and Lazar, A. (2013). Influence of water stress on the chlorophyll content in barley. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology. 17: 223-228.
Greive, C.M. and Grattan, S.R. (1983). Rapid assay for determination of water-soluble quaternary amino compounds. Plant Soil. 70: 303-307.
Gill, S.S. and Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 48: 909-930.
Hajibabaei, M. and Azizi, F, (2011). Evaluation of drought tolerance indices in some new hybrids of corn. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 4(3): 139-155.
Johari, M. (2010). Effect of soil water stress on yield and proline content of four wheat lines African Journal of Biotechnology. 9: 36-40
Kalamian, S., Modares Sanavi, A.M. and Sepehri, A. (2005). Effect of water deficit at vegetative and reproductive growth stages in leafy and commercial hybrids of maize. Journal of Water, Soil and Plant in Agriculture. 5(3): 38-53.
Kaman, H., Kirda, C. and Sesveren, S. (2011). Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 98: 801-807.
Kumar, N., Pal, M., Singh, A., SaiRam, R.K. and Srivastava, G.C. (2010). Exogenous proline alleviates oxidative stress and increase vase life in rose. Scientia Horticulturae. 127: 79-85.
Makumbi, D., Betraun, J.F., Baunziger, M. and Ribaut, J.M. (2011). Combining ability, heterosis and genetic diversity in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) under stress and non-stress conditions. Euphytica. 180:143–162.
Moharramnejad, S., Sofalian, O., Valizadeh, M., Asgari, A. and Shiri, M.R. (2015). Proline, glycine betaine, total phenolics and pigment contents in response to osmotic stress in maize seedlings. Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology. 4: 313-319.
Moharramnejad, S., Sofalian, O., Valizadeh, M., Asgari, A. and Shiri, M.R. (2016). Response of antioxidant defense system to osmotic stress in maize seedlings. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 25: 805-811.
Naderi, R., Valizadeh, M., Toorchi, M. and Shakiba, M.R. (2014). Antioxidant enzyme changes in response to osmotic stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling. Acta Biologica Szegediensis. 58: 95-101.
Noreen, Z., amd Ashraf, M. (2009). Assessment of variation in antioxidative defense system in salt-treated pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and its putative use as salinity tolerance markers. Journal of Plant Physiology. 166: 1764-1774.
Porra, R.J., Thompson, W.A. and Kriedemann, P.E. (1989). Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Acta Biochemistry and Biophysics. 975: 384-394.
Rabbani, J. Emam, Y. (2012). Yield response of maize hybrids to drought stress at different growth stages. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(2): 65-78.
Ribaut, J.M., Betran, J., Monneveux, P. and Setter, T. (2012). Drought tolerance in maize. In: Bennetzen, J.L., Hake, S.C. (Eds.), Handbook of Maize: Its Biology. Springer, New York. pp. 11–34.
Ruiz, J.M. and Romero, L. (2001). Bioactivity of the phenolic compounds in higher plants. Biochemistry Journal. 20: 100-130.
Schlegel, H.G. (1956). Die verwertung organischer sauren durch chlorella in lincht. Planta. 47: 510-520.
Shiri, M.R. and Bahrampour, T. (2015). Genotype×environment interaction analysis using GGE biplot in grain maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under different irrigation conditions. Cereal Research. 5(1): 83-94.
Soltis, D.E. and Soltis, P.S. (1990). Isozymes in Plant Biology. Dioscorides Press, Portland. p: 259.
Valizadeh, M., Moharamnejad, S., Ahmadi, M. and Mohammadzadeh Jalaly, H. (2013). Changes in activity profile of some antioxidant enzymes in alfalfa half-sib families under salt stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 15: 801-809.
Wahid, A. and Ghazanfar, A. (2006). Possible involvement of some secondary metabolites in salt tolerance of sugarcane. Journal Plant Physiology. 163: 723–30.
Yan, W., Zhong, Y. and Shangguan, Z. (2016). Evaluation of physiological traits of summer maize under drought stress. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil and Plant Science. 66: 133-140.
Yang, Z., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Ling, H.Q. and Chu, C. (2009). OsMT1a, a type 1 metallothionein, plays the pivotal role in zinc homeostasis and drought tolerance in rice. Plant Molecular Biology. 70: 219-229.
Zlatev, Z. and Lidon, F.C. (2012). An overview on drought induced changes in plant growth, water relations and photosynthesis. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 24: 57-72.