اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان پلاس بر خصوصیات رشدی و مورفولوژی گیاه نعناع دشتی (. Mentha spicata L)تحت همزیستی با قارچ میکوریزا در نظام کشت ارگانیک
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
مینا کاویانی دارانی
1
,
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی
2
*
,
محمد رضا اردکانی
3
,
حمید مظفری
4
,
داود حبیبی
5
1 - گروه زراعت، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشکده داروسازی، واحد علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه مهندسی زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
5 - گروه زراعت، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: نعناع دشتی, خصوصیات رشد, کود زیستی میکوریزا, محلول پاشی کیتوزان پلاس, همزیستی میکوریزا و کیتوزان,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثرات محلول پاشی کیتوزان پلاس و تیمار نلقیح گیاه نعناع دشتی ( (Mentha spicata L.با قارچ میکوریزا بر خصوصیات رشدی و مورفو-فیزیولوژی و میزان اسانس نعناع دشتی در شرایط ارگانیک، تحقیق طی دو سال زراعی 97-98 و 98-99 در مزرعه ارگانیک تحقیقاتی- آموزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج (مهردشت) اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با دو عامل شامل محلول پاشی با کیتوزان شامل شاهد (بدون محلول پاشی)، محلول پاشی با آب، محلول پاشی کیتوزان در دو غلظت 2000 و 4000 قسمت بر میلیون و عامل تلقیح قارچ میكوریزا شامل شاهد و تلقیح در خاک در چهار تکرار انجام شد. نتایج اثرات تیمارهای آزمایش بر خصوصیات اندازه گیری شده در گیاه نعناع دشتی نشان داد که اثرات توأم تلقیح میکوریزا و محلول پاشی کیتوزان بر برخی خصوصیات رشدی و عملکردی مانند میزان کلروفیل (به ویژه کلروفیل a)، وزن تر و و عملکرد اسانس در واحد سطح معنی دار بود. به طوریکه استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا به همراه محلول پاشی کیتوزان توانست درصد کلونیزاسیون، غلظت فسفر، عملکرد اندام هوایی در واحد سطح و عملکرد اسانس گیاه نعناع دشتی را در برداشته باشد. به عبارتی تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا به همراه محلول پاشی توانست منجر به بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه نعناع دشتی در نظام کشت ارگانیک شود. در پایان میتوان چنین نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد همزمان محلول پاشی کیتوزان و تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا جایگزین کودهای شیمیایی در یک نظام کشت ارگانیک میتواند در ارتقای سلامت و بهداشت محصول کشاورزی، خاک و محیط زیست موثر باشد.
In order to investigate the effects of the foliar-spraying of chitosan and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and morphological characteristics and essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) under organic farming conditions, a field experiment was done in an organic farm located on the Research and Education field of I.A.U., Karaj Branch (Mehrdasht), Iran. The experimental treatments were arranged as a factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The experimental treatments included factor A: the foliar-spraying (control, water spraying, chitosan foliar spraying at two levels of 2000 and 4000 ppm) and inoculation (inoculation mycorrhizal fungus and non-inoculation). The results of the experimental treatments in this study on the growth and morphological characteristics of the mint plant showed that the interaction effect of mycorrhizal inoculum × chitosan foliar-spraying on some characteristics such as chlorophyll (in particular chlorophyll a), the fresh plant weight, phosphorus concentration, colonization, and essential oil yield per area was significant. The utilization of mycorrhizal fungi alone the foliar spraying of chitosan could an increase the growth and morphological traits, acquiring phosphorus, the fresh plant weight, and essential oil yield through root growth and further improve the quantitative and qualitative yield of the mint plant. Finally, it can be concluded that the foliar application of chitosan and the soil applied of mycorrhizal fungi due to the non-use of chemical fertilizers in an organic farming system can lead to the health of agricultural products, soil, and environment.
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