اثر تنش سرما بر محتوای کلروفیل، فلورسانس کلروفیل و فعالیت آنزیم‌های اکسیداتیو سه رقم جو (Hordeum vulgare L.)
محورهای موضوعی : آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی
علی بشیرزاده
1
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد آستارا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آستارا، ایران.)
خانلار عبداله‌اف
2
(موسسه گیاه شناسی، علوم آکادمیک طبیعی، دانشگاه دولتی باکو، آذربایجان.)
زمان محمودوف
3
(موسسه گیاه شناسی، علوم آکادمیک طبیعی، دانشگاه دولتی باکو، آذربایجان.)
کلید واژه: انتقال الکترون, پراکسید هیدروژن, تنش حرارتی, کلروفیل a, مالون‌دی آلدئید.,
چکیده مقاله :
سرما یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی است که رشد و عملکرد محصول را در سراسر جهان محدود می‌کند. به منظور بررسی چگونگی سازگاری گیاهچه‌های 20 روزه جو با تنش سرمای کوتاه مدت، مطالعه حاضر به‌صورت فاکتوریل با چهار تکرار در آزمایشگاه بذر مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج، انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل ارقام جو (رقم کارون حساس به سرما، فصیح نیمه متحمل به سرما و ماکویی متحمل به سرما) و سه سطح تنش سرما شامل 4، 8 و 22 (شاهد) سلسیوس، بود که تیمارهای دمایی به‌مدت 48 ساعت بر گیاهچه‌های جو اعمال شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که برهمکنش سرما و رقم بر روی اغلب صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در این مطالعه معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین نیز نشان داد بیشترین مقدار F0 در رقم کارون و فصیح در 8 درجه و در رقم ماکویی در 4 درجه مشاهده شد در حالی‌که در هر سه رقم با کاهش دما مقدار Fv و محتوای کلروفیل a کاهش یافت. نسبت Fm/Fv در رقم ماکویی و فصیح با کاهش دما کاهش یافت اما در رقم کارون تغییر معنی‌داری در این نسبت مشاهده نشد. علاوه بر این با کاهش دما میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و پراکسید هیدروژن و نیز فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز در هر سه رقم به‌ویژه رقم کارون افزایش یافت اما فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز تحت تاثیر رقم قرار نگرفت و بیشترین فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز به ترتیب در دمای 8 و 4 درجه به‌دست آمد. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد ارقام متحمل‌تر نسبت به رقم حساس (کارون) در دماهای پایین با محدود کردن تولید ترکیباتی مانند H2O2 و مالون‌دی‌آلدهید ، محتوای کلروفیل و کارایی فتوسنتزی بالاتری داشته که احتمالاً منعکس کننده سازگاری بیشتر به سرما است.
Cold is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limits crop growth and yield worldwide. In order to investigate how 20-day-old barley seedlings adapt to short-term cold stress, the present study was carried out in a factorial experiment with four replications in the seed laboratory of Karaj Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute. The experimental factors included barley cultivars (cold-sensitive Karon, semi-cold-tolerant Fasih, and cold-tolerant Makoi) and cold stress with three levels of 4, 8, and 22 oC (control). Temperature treatments were applied to barley seedlings for 48 hours. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of cold and cultivar was significant on most of the measured traits in this study. The mean comparison also showed that the highest value of F0 was observed in Karun and Fasih cultivars at 8 oC and in Makoi cultivar at 4 oC, while in all three cultivars, Fv value and chlorophyll a content decreased with decreasing temperature. The ratio of Fm/Fv in Makoui and Fasih cultivars decreased with decreasing temperature, however no significant change was observed in Karon cultivar. In addition, with decreasing temperature, malondialdehyd (MDA) and H2O2 concentration and peroxidase (POX) activity increased in all three cultivars, especially Karon cultivar, but catalase (CAT) and super oxid dismutase (SOD) activity were not affected by the cultivar, and the highest CAT and SOD activity were obtained at 8 and 4 oC, respectively. The obtained results showed that the cultivars more tolerant than the sensitive cultivar (Karon) at low temperatures by limiting the production of compounds such as H2O2 and MDA, had higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, which probably reflects greater adaptation to cold.
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