Association of Biological and Chemical Additives on Nutrient Composition, Total Losses, Microbiological and Fermentative Profile of Sugarcane Silage

Subject Areas : Camel

اچ.ام.سی. اراکی ¹ , ای.آر. د اُلیویرا ² , جی.آر. گندرا ^{3 *} , آر.اچ. تی.بی. د گواِس ⁴ , سی.اس. تکیا ⁵ , آ.جی. جکواَنا ⁶ , کا.ام.پی. د اُلیویرا ⁷ , دی.ان. وسکواِس ⁸ , ان.آر. برندااُ کنسلو ⁹ , تی.آ. دل واله ¹⁰ , ان. دوآن اُرباچ ¹¹

1 - Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, Brazil
2 - Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, Brazil
3 - Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, Brazil
4 - Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, Brazil
5 - Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
6 - Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, Brazil
7 - Department of Biological Science and Environment, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Dourados, Brazil
8 - Department of Biological Science and Environment, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, Brazil
9 - Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225-Campus da USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
10 - Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225-Campus da USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
11 - Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, Brazil

Received: 2017-03-17 Accepted : 2017-04-30 Published : 2017-12-01

Keywords: in vitro degradation, ethanol, aerobic stability, alcoholic fermentation, lactic bacteria, sugarcane (&lt, i&gt, Saccharum officinarum&lt, /i&gt, ),

Abstract :

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a bacterial inoculant and chemical additives on nutrient composition, in vitro degradation, total loss, aerobic stability, microbiological quality, and fermentative profile of sugarcane silage. Treatments were distributed to forty-eight mini-silos in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: two levels of microbial inoculant (INO, 0 or 4 g/t of fresh sugarcane and three chemical additives (CHE, CaO, NaCl and urea at 10 g/kg on as-is basis). The association of INO and urea had the highest values of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber in vitro degradation. Treatments with inoculant and chemical additives reduced the gas loss (g/kg as-is basis). The association of INO and CHE increased the amounts of lactic acid bacteria. The association of INO and CHE resulted in a synergetic effect to decrease ethanol production and to increase lactic acid production. Inoculant and CHE showed a positive synergetic effect on total losses, dry matter recovery, microbiological profile, and production of ethanol and lactic acid. Treatments containing urea had greater DM in vitro degradation and aerobic stability compared with the other chemical additives. The association of INO and CHE positively affected the chemical composition, in vitro degradation, total losses, aerobic stability, microbiological and fermentative profile of sugarcane silage.

References:

Alli I., Fairbairn R. and Baker B.E. (1983). The effects of ammonia on the fermentation of chopped sugarcane. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 9, 291-299.

AOAC. (2002). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 17^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA. 

Ávila C.L.S., Pinto J.C., Figueiredo H.C.P. and Schwan R.F. (2009). Effects of an indigenous and a commercial Lactobacillus buchneri strain on quality of sugar cane silage. Grass Forage. Sci. 64, 384-394.

Balieiro Neto G., Ferrari E.J., Nogueira J.R., Possenti R., Paulino V.T. and Bueno M.S. (2009). Perdas fermentativas, composição química, estabilidade aeróbia e digestibilidade aparente de silagem de cana de açúcar com aditivos químicos e microbiano. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 44, 621-630.

Balieiro Neto G., Siqueira G.R., Reis R.A., Nogueira J.R., Roth M.T.P. and Roth A.P.T.P. (2007). Óxido de cálcio como aditivo na ensilagem de cana de açúcar. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 36, 1231-1239.

Broberg A., Jacobsson K., Strom K. and Schnurer J. (2007). Metabolite profiles of lactic acid bacteria in grass silage. App. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 5547-5552.

Buchanan-Smith J.G. (1982). Preservation and feeding value for yearling steers of whole plant corn ensiled at 28 and 42% dry matter with and without cold flow ammonia treatment. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 62, 173-180.

Cai Y., Ohmomo S., Ogawa M. and Kumai S. (1997). Effect of NaCl-tolerant lactic acid bactéria and NaCl on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of silage. J. App. Microbiol. 83, 307-313.

Ding M.Y., Koizumi H. and Suzuki Y. (1995). Comparison of three chromatographic systems for determination of organic acids in wine. Anal. Sci. 2, 239-243.

Driehuis F., Oude Elferink S.J.W.H. and Van Wikselaar P.G. (2001). Fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of grass silage inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri, with or without homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Grass Forage. Sci. 56, 330-343.

Filya I., Sucu E. and Karabulut A. (2004). The effect of Propionibacterium acidipropionici, with or without Lactobacillus plantarum, on the fermentation and aerobic stability of wheat, sorghum and maize silages. J. App. Microbiol. 97, 818-826.

Foldager J. (1977). Protein requirement and non-protein nitrogen for high producing cow in early lactation. Ph D. Thesis. Michigan State Univ., East Lasing, Michigan.

Gandra J.R., Oliveira E.R., Takiya C.S., Goes R.H.T.B., Paiva P.G., Oliveira K.M.P., Gandra E.R.S., Orbach N.D. and Haraki H.M.C. (2017). Chitosan improves the chemical composition, microbiological quality, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 231, 29-37.

Hall M.B. (2000). Calculation of non-structural carbohydrate content of feeds that contain non-protein nitrogen. The Bulletin, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

Kulasek G.A. (1972). A micromethod for determination of urea in plasma, whole blood and blood cells using urease and phenol reagent. Pol. Arch. Wet. 15, 801-810.

Kung Jr L. and Stanley R.W. (1982). Effect of stage of maturity on the nutritive value of whole-plant sugarcane preserved as silage. J. Anim. Sci. 54, 689-696.

Martins S.C.S.G., Carvalho G.G.P., Pires A.J.V., Silva R.R., Leite L.C., Pereira F.M., Mota A.D., Nicory I.M.C. and Cruz C.H., (2015). Qualitative parameters of sugarcane silages treated with urea and calcium oxide. Semina: Ciên. Agr. 36, 1135-1144.

McDonald P., Henderson A.R. and Heron S.J.E. (1991). The Biochemistry of Silage. Chalcomb Publications, Marlow, United Kingdom.

Moon N.J. (1983). Inhibition of the growth of acid-tolerant yeasts by acetate, lactate, propionate, and their synergistic mixtures. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 55, 453-460.

Muck R. (2013). Recent advances in silage microbiology. Agric. Food Sci. 22, 3-15.

NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7^th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Ohyama Y., Hara S. and Masaki S. (1980). Analysis of the factors affecting aerobic deterioration of grass silages. Pp. 257-261 in Forage Conservation in the 80s. C. Thomas, Ed. Occasional Symposium No.11. British Grassland Society, Brighton, United Kingdom.

Pahlow G., Muck R.E., Driehuis F., Oude Elferink S.J.W.H. and Spoelstra S.F. (2003). Microbiology of ensiling. Pp. 31-93 in Silage Science and Technology. D.R. Buxton, R.E. Muck and J.H. Harrison, Eds. American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), Madison, Wisconsin.

Pedroso A.F., Nussio L.G., Loures D.R.S., Paziani S.F., Ribeiro J.L., Mari L.J., Zopollatto M. Schimidt P., Mattos W.R.S. and Hori J. (2008). Fermentation, losses and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with chemical or bacterial additives. Sci. Agric. 65, 589-594.

Rezende A.V., Rabelo C.H.S., Rabelo F.H.S., Nogueira D.A., Faria Junior D.C.N.A. and Barbosa A.L. (2011). Perdas fermentativas e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cana-de-açúcar tratadas com cal virgem e cloreto de sódio. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 40, 739-746.

Rodrigues P.H.M., Gomes R.C.G., Meyer P.M., Borgatti L.M.O., Franco F.M.J. and Godoy G.L.A. (2012). Effects of microbial inoculants and amino acid production by-product on fermentation and chemical composition of sugarcane silage. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 41, 1394-1400.

Santos E.M., Silva T.C., Macedo C.H.O. and Campos F.S. (2013). Lactic acid bactéria in tropical grass silage. Pp. 335-362 in Lactic Acid Bacteria - R and D for Food, Health and Livestock Purposes. Kongo, M. Ed. InTech, Croatia.

Santos M.C., Nussio L.G., Mourão G.B., Schmidt P., Mari L.J., Ribeiro J.L., Queiroz O.C.M., Zopollatto M., Sousa D.P., Saturi J.O. and Toledo Filho S.G. (2009). Nutritive value of sugarcane silage treated with chemical additives. Sci. Agric. 66, 159-163.

SAS Institute. (2004). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Tilley J.M.A. and Terry R.A. (1963). A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grass Forage. Sci. 18, 104-111.

Van Soest P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.

Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.

Wilkinson J.M. and Davies D.R. (2012). The aerobi stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass Forage. Sci. 68, 1-19.

Yitbarek M.B. and Tamir B. (2014). Silage additives: Review. Open J. Appl. Sci. 4, 258-274.