پایش خشکسالی کشاورزی با استفاده از شاخص سنجش از دوری وضعیت تبخیر تعرق در حوزه آبخیز جراحی
محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی و مدیریت زیست محیطی
مائده بهی فر
1
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عطاالله عبدالهی
2
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مجید کیاورز مقدم
3
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قاسم عزیزی
4
1 - سنجش از دور، دانشکده جغرافیا، داشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. /گروه سنجش از دور، پژوهشگاه فضایی ایران
2 - دانشگاه تهران
3 - استادیار گروه سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
4 - دانشیار آب وهواشناسی،دانشگاه تهران،تهران،ایران
کلید واژه: خشکسالی, تبخیرتعرق, سنجش از دور, شاخص‌های خشکسالی,
چکیده مقاله :
خشکسالی از مهم‌ترین مخاطرات طبیعی کشور است که اثرات مخرب زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی فراوانی دارد. عوامل مختلفی بر بروز خشکسالی تأثیر دارند و شاخص‌های متنوعی برای پایش آن ارائه‌شده است. تاکنون تحقیقات اندکی به استفاده از داده‌های تبخیر تعرق ماهواره‌ای برای مطالعه خشکسالی پرداخته‌اند. در این تحقیق از شاخص‌های سنجش‌ازدوری وضعیت پوشش گیاهی، وضعیت دما و وضعیت تبخیر تعرق برای مطالعه خشکسالی در حوزه آبخیز جراحی و زهره استفاده شد. شاخص‌های سنجش‌ازدوری خشکسالی به‌صورت ماهانه با استفاده از محصولات سنجنده مادیس در سال‌های 1378 تا 1396 محاسبه شدند. برای ارزیابی شاخص‌های سنجش‌ازدوری از شاخص ایستگاهی بارش استانداردشده شش‌ماهه استفاده‌شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد شاخص وضعیت تبخیر تعرق بالاترین همبستگی را با شاخص بارش استانداردشده شش‌ماهه داشت و به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین شاخص در نظر گرفته شد. مقدار ضریب همبستگی این شاخص 57/0- و مقدار ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا معادل 47/0 بوده است. با استفاده از شاخص‌های سنجش‌ازدوری، نقشه درجات شدت خشکسالی در شش کلاس خشکسالی فرین، شدید، متوسط، خفیف، نزدیک به نرمال و بدون خشکسالی برای سال‌های 1387، 1388 و 1395 که منطقه مطالعه تحت تأثیر خشکسالی قرار داشت، تهیه شد. نتایج ارزیابی مکانی نشان داد، بخش میانی حوزه که دارای زیستگاه‌های حفاظت‌شده با اهمیت اکولوژیک است، آسیب‌پذیرترین بخش حوزه حین خشکسالی بوده است و در بازه مطالعات، بیش از 10 ماه خشکسالی فرین را تجربه کرده است. در دوره موردبررسی، بخش ساحلی کمترین شدت خشکسالی را شاهد بوده است. بااین‌وجود، طی سال‌های مختلف پهنه تالابی حوزه که جزو زیستگاه‌های حفاظت‌شده آبی محسوب می‌گردد، با کاهش سطح روبرو شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، در مقایسه با سایر شاخص‌ها، استفاده از داده‌های تبخیر تعرق ماهواره‌ای می‌تواند ابزار مناسبی برای پایش خشکسالی در مناطق گرم و با پوشش گیاهی پراکنده نظیر ایران فراهم نماید.
Drought is one of the most important natural hazards in Iran that has many destructive environmental and economic effects. Drought is affected by various factors, and different indices have been developed to monitor it. Drought studies have been performed using temperature and vegetation data, but few studies have used satellite evapotranspiration data. In this research, vegetation condition index, temperature condition index, and evapotranspiration condition index have been used to study drought in Jarahi and Zohreh catchments. For this purpose, drought indices have been calculated on a monthly basis using MODIS satellite products from the 2000 to 2017 period. The six-month Standardized Precipitation Index was used to evaluate the remote sensing-based drought indices. The results showed that the evapotranspiration condition Index had the highest correlation with the six-month SPI index and was considered the most appropriate index to study the drought. The correlation of ETCI with SPI was equal to -0.57 and the RMSE was 0.47. A drought severity map was prepared using remote sensing indices to depict six classes of drought severity including severe drought, moderate drought, mild drought, near normal, and without drought for 2008, 2009, and 2016, when the study area was suffering from drought. The results of the spatial assessment showed that the central part of the basin which contains ecologically important protected areas was the most vulnerable part during dry years, and during the study period, it has experienced over 10 months of severe drought. In this period, the coastal part had the lowest drought intensities. However, during different years, the wetland area of the basin, which is one of the protected water ecosystems, has decreased. The results showed that compared to other indices, the satellite-based evapotranspiration data can provide a good tool for monitoring drought in hot areas with sparse vegetation such as Iran.
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