The effect of incorporation of ensiled pistachio residues (EPR) into the diet of sheep on the quality of mutton was investigated. Twelve male lambs at 6 months of age and average weight of 35.9±1.21 Kg, were divided into four groups (0, 33, 66 and 100 % EPR) and fed for 90 days in a completely randomized design. After fattening period, the lambs were slaughtered and dry matter, protein, fat, ash, NPN and minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe) of meat were measured. The functional properties of mutton (pH, WBC, texture, cooking loss and OD) and sensory attributes were determined. The results showed that feeding lambs with EPR, there was no significant difference in the meat traits, however meat fats in the treatments were lower in comparison to the control and the lowest amount of fat was obtained in group of the lambs fed with EPR at 66 %. The Zn and Fe of mutton was increased by addition of EPR and the highest amount was obtained in 100 % diet. The results indicated that addition of ensiled pistachio by-products to the diet of lambs improved the quality and nutritional value of mutton compared to the control samples received a standard diet. Therefore, it may be suggested that the use of EPR in sheep diet. پرونده مقاله

Ruminants production systems are facing a critical period within global agriculture due to their unique digestive system which, whilst allowing them to utilize low-quality fiber-rich feed, produces the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) as a by-product. It has been proposed that saponin-rich plants can be used to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminant livestock, although the reported results are variable in terms of efficacy. Here we use meta-analytical methods to investigate the literature to determine if saponins can contribute to reducing CH4 production and its further effects on other rumen fermentation parameters in sheep. Following defined search terms available papers on the subject were collected for the period 1990 to 2019 and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, an analysis was conducted on CH4 production, CH4 per dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, propionate, butyrate, and acetate-to-propionate ratio based on a comparison between a saponin supplemented group and a control group. The standardized effect size (Hedges’ g) was calculated at the confidence interval of 95%. Q-test and I2 statistic were used to determine heterogeneity and publication bias was identified through the Egger test. The meta-analysis determined that using saponin sources tended to decrease CH4 production (P=0.062) and acetate-to-propionate ratio (P=0.057), with a reduction in CH4/DMI (P=0.001) and an increase in propionate concentration (P=0.011). No significant difference was observed in ruminal pH, total VFA concentration, and butyrate concentration. The I2statistic for the parameters analyzed here was below 50% for heterogeneity with the Egger test results indicating a publication bias for CH4 production. پرونده مقاله

This study was conducted to examine effects of resistant starch compared to fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and zinc bacitracin (ZnB), on performance and ileum morphology in broilers. The experiment groups included a control (basal diet with no additive; CON), four groups receiving different levels of resistant starch type 2 (1, 2, 3, and 4% added to basal diet; RS), a group receiving fructooligosaccharide (0.4% in basal diet; FOS), and a group receiving Zinc bacitracin (50 mg/kg basal diet; ZnB). The findings on the day 35 indicated that the groups that received 2% and 3% RS were not significantly different from the FOS group and the ZnB group in terms of feed intake. The largest body weight and the smallest feed conversion ratio was found in the ZnB group (P<0.05). Body weights in the groups treated with 3% and 4% RS were not significantly different from the FOS group. The 3% and 4% RS groups had a greater villus height (P<0.05) and a smaller crypt depth compared to the FOS group. These results demonstrated that while the ZnB group had a better performance than other groups, it seems that adding 3% and 4% RS resulted in a performance similar to adding FOS. پرونده مقاله