زمینه و هدف: مالاشیت گرین به‌طور گسترده به‌عنوان یک قارچ کش، باکتری کش و انگل کش در صنعت آبزی پروری استفاده می شود. این ترکیب همچنین به‌عنوان یک عامل رنگ غذایی، افزودنی های غذایی، مواد ضدعفونی‌کننده پزشکی، و همچنین به‌عنوان یک رنگ در صنایع ابریشم، پشم، کنف، چرم، پنبه، کاغذ، و آکریلیک استفاده می‌شود. ازاین‌رو، حذف مالاشیت گرین از پساب سیستم های پرورش ماهی و صنایع نساجی، کاغذسازی و آکریلیک، به‌منظور پیشگیری از تأثیر نامطلوب آن بر ارگانیسم های آبزی ضروری است. در این مطالعه، تجزیه مالاشیت گرین با استفاده از نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم تحت شرایط نوری UV بررسی شد. روش بررسی: به این منظور، تأثیر پارامترهایی ازجمله غلظت های مختلف مالاشیت گرین (5/3، 7 و 14 میلی گرم بر لیتر)، غلظت نانوکاتالیست (30/1، 60/2 و 20/5 میلی گرم) و pH های مختلف (5، 7 و 9) در شرایط ثابت دمایی 25 درجه سانتی گراد و شدت نور UV ثابت (12 وات، 230 ولت و فرکانس 50 هرتز) در طی 180 دقیقه موردمطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: بهترین نرخ تجزیه نوری مالاشیت گرین، در غلظت 5/3 میلی گرم بر لیتر مالاشیت گرین، 9: pH و 60/2 میلی گرم نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم مشاهده شد. اگرچه با افزایش نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم رانده‌مان و نرخ حذف مالاشیت گرین افزایش یافت، اما افزایش بیش تر فتوکاتالیست تأثیری در افزایش رانده‌مان تجزیه نوری ندارد. افزایش pH (9) ممکن است از طریق افزایش تولید رادیکال های آزاد بیش تر نرخ حذف مالاشیت گرین افزایش یافت. افزایش غلظت اولیه مالاشیت گرین سبب کاهش رانده‌مان و نرخ حذف مالاشیت گرین گردید. بحث و نتیجه گیری: ازاین‌رو تجزیه نوری مالاشیت گرین در حضور نانو فتوکاتالیست دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم تابعی از pH، غلظت اولیه مالاشیت گرین و غلظت نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم است. پرونده مقاله

Background & Aim: Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) is one of the most popular medicinal plants used in traditional medicine with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of marshmallow extract (Althaea officinalis L.) administration on blood cells and biochemical parameters of carp liver. Experimental: 150 carp (weighing 37.65 ± 4.40 g) were fed with diets containing 0.0 (control diet), 2.5, 5, and 10 g marshmallow extract for 60 days. Then, red blood cell indices (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH), white blood cells differential count and biochemical parameters of liver such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured on days 30 and 60 of the experiment. Results & Discussion: On days 30 and 60 of the experiment, red blood cell indices (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH), white blood cells differential count and biochemical parameters of liver such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. On day 60, no significant difference was found (p>0.05) in RBC, Hb, Htc, MCV, MCH count, number of neutrophils, basophils, and eosophils in fish fed with different concentrations of marshmallow extract. Administration of marshmallow extract (5 g) significantly increased (p<0.05) WBC and lymphocytes on day 60. On the other hand, administration with 5 and 10 g of marshmallow extract decreased monocytes (p<0.05) on day 30. The significant increase was observed in AST, ALT, ALP and LDH levels in liver of fish fed with 10 g of marshmallow extract may be attributed to cytotoxicity, however 2.5 and 5 g of extract did not have adverse effects on liver enzymes. Industrial and practical recommendations: According to the results, it was concluded that preclinical administration of certain concentrations of marshmallow extract (2.5 and 5 g) was beneficial for carp. پرونده مقاله

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of untreated municipal wastewater on the blood biochemical parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. In this study, the fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of municipal wastewater for 21 days. The blood was sampled after 21 days and its biochemical parameters including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities as well as total proteins, albumin, globulin, glucose and cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea levels were measured. AST, LDH and CPK activities showed an overall significant change (P< 0.05) in the experimental groups of fish. A significant decrease in ALT, GGT, ALP and AChE activities was observed in fish exposed to municipal wastewater (P< 0.05). Glucose, creatinine and urea, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood of fish exposed to municipal wastewater significantly increased (P< 0.05). The fish exposed to the municipal wastewater showed a significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels. However, no significant changes were observed in globulin levels in fish exposed to municipal wastewater. In conclusion, exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of municipal wastewater may cause blood biochemical changes in C. carpio پرونده مقاله

Deltamethrin has magnificent potential for agricultural pest control. The penetration of deltamethrin into aquatic ecosystems can endanger the life of aquatic organisms. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was exposed to the sub-lethal concentrations of deltamethrin (0.0, 6, 12, and 18 µg L-1) for 30 days. Then, the biochemical parameters of blood and the biomarkers of oxidative stress in fish were evaluated to assess the toxic effects of deltamethrin. Based on the results deltamethrin exposure altered antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation rate in hepatocytes. However, the course of these changes was dose-dependent to deltamethrin. There was a significant reduction in the total antioxidant and glycogen contents in the hepatocytes of fish challenged with deltamethrin. Conversely, exposure of C. carpio to deltamethrin increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Deltamethrin significantly inhibited butyrylcholinesterase activity and declined total protein and globulin levels. However, glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels significantly increased in the plasma ofC. carpioexposed to deltamethrin. Therefore, these findings demonstrated the potential of deltamethrin to induce cytotoxicity in fishes by disrupting cellular homeostasis and producing reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress. پرونده مقاله