This paper aims at studying the role of agricultural education and extension methods on the use of renewable energy by farmers in Semnan Province. The research was a practical study in terms of goal and was a descriptive-correlation study in terms of methodology. The population of the study was composed of Semnan Province poultry farmers that used any type of renewable energy. In total, 89 people were analyzed. Data collection tool was questionnaire (composed of 29 main questions and 108 minor questions in a Likert scale). The questionnaire was designed after consultations with university professors and research literature. The validity of the questionnaire was measured in terms of the form and content and its reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from 0.801 to 0.925. It was found that there was a strong significant relationship (r = 0.773) between education and extension methods (participation in the extension and educational courses, visits to farms using solar power, holding workshops on agricultural extension centers, experts’ visiting of poultry, watching videos of farms that use solar energy, production and distribution of educational brochures among farmers, designing related programs at universities, watching videos of the construction of solar power farms, broadcasting radio programs and educational broadcasting from local TV channels) and the use of solar energy by farmers. Based on the farmer’s view, participation in the extension and educational courses was the main source for obtaining the needed information. Also according to stepwise regression, 78.5% of the change in the dependent variable was explained by the variables of “visiting farms using solar power”, “participation in the extension and educational courses”, “production and distribution of educational brochures among farmers”, “holding workshops on agricultural extension centers” and “experts’ visiting of poultry”. پرونده مقاله

This research was carried out to investigate the role of legal, philosophical, economic, environmental, educational attitudes and some personal characteristics in farmers' professionalism in the production of optimal wheat in the north of Khuzestan Province, Iran. The methodological approach in this research was casual relative and applied survey. The data were collected by a survey and a questionnaire as the main research instruments. The samples comprised all wheat growers in Northern Khuzestan. Three hundred and ten farmers were selected by using a Cochran's formula through random sampling out of 23,485 wheat farmers of Northern Khuzestan. Finally, 302 questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire was developed from a review of the related literature. The content and face validity of the instruments were established after several times of review and correction by the faculty members of Azad University of Garmsar. The questionnaire and data were analyzed by the help of SPSS v21 software package. The reliability was reported to be 0.81 using a Cronbach's alpha. Stepwise regression analysis indicated the most important variable that accounted for 77.2% of the variance of the dependent variable was the economic variable. The next variables (environmental, legal components, and educational attitudes processes) captured 86.5% of the variance of optimal wheat production. پرونده مقاله

The present study aimed to determine extension requirements for slow food (SF) and to provide a model for SF extension in Iran condition. The study employed the systematic approach of grounded theory for model development. The statistical population was composed of all key experts of SF extension of which 15 individuals were selected as the sample by the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by semi-structured interview method and analyzed by the systematic approach of grounded theory through the three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The reliability of the findings was checked by members matching and peer review. For members matching, four participants of the final report reviewed the first stage of analysis and the derived categories. The results of the analysis showed that 169 initial codes derived at the first stage of open coding were narrowed to 37 codes and were finally grouped into six categories. It was tried in the research to use SF extension experts’ views to answer the question as to how a model can be presented for SF extension by grounded theory. This model is based on a rational pattern that includes the causes and factors underpinning SF, contexts, supporting conditions in the SF model, strategies, and consequences of people’s lack of tendency towards developing an SF-based lifestyle. People’s awareness and knowledge were emphasized by both previous research and the experts interviewed here. The results show that people’s participation in decision-making has a significant impact on the SF model and all individual citizens should be covered by the training programs to reach sustainable food diets. پرونده مقاله

The purpose of this study was to investigate the peripheral factors on reducing the consequences of the targeted subsidies from the view point of greenhouse owners of Semnan Province, Iran. The population of the study comprised greenhouse owners of Semnan Province. The sample size was calculated using Cochran formula and encompassed a number of 287 greenhouse owners. The main research tool used in this study was a questionnaire. SPSS v21was used to analyze the data obtained through the questionnaires. Based on hypotheses and theories, questions were designed, and after testing validity and reliability (based on the dependent variable Cronbach's alpha was calculated equal with 87.8) indices, modifications were performed. To examine the hypotheses of this research, the correlation coefficient was estimated, and a multiple regressions analysis was run. The results showed that current expenses, using the proper structures for constructing greenhouse, method of fuel use, the perfect place of heaters, and the use of skilled workers in the greenhouse had a key role in reducing the impact of targeted subsidies plan (dependent variable) on greenhouse owners. These variables explained 40.2 per cent of the variance in the dependent variable. پرونده مقاله

  در این پژوهش به اولویت‌بندی خواسته‌های کشاورزان در خصوص آموزش موارد بازاریابی از دید کشاورزان و کارشناسان کشاورزی، شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی مشکلات بازاریابی خربزه، روش‌های مورد نیاز برای فراگیری بازاریابی و امکان ایفای نقش ترویج در بازاریابی از دیدگاه دو گروه پرداخته شده است. متغیرهای مستقل این تحقیق شامل ویژگی‌های شخصی، شرکت در کلاس‌های آموزشی-ترویجی، بازارگردانی، بازارشناسی، بازارگرایی و بهبود کیفیت محصول و متغیرهای وابسته نیز مشتمل بر انتخاب بازار فروش توسط کشاورز، نظر کشاورزان در خصوص امکان کمک کارشناسان ترویجی در امر بازاریابی محصول، تنوع بازار فروش و امکان ایفای نقش ترویج در بازار گردانی، بازارگرایی، بازارشناسی و بهبود کیفیت محصول بود. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای متناسب تصادفی و  فرمول کوکران در مجموع 140 نفر برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از میان کشاورزان انتخاب شدند. 30 نفر از کارشناسان شهرستان گرمسار نیز از طریق سرشماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بین سطح تحصیلات با انتخاب بازار فروش، نظر کشاورز در خصوص امکان کمک کارشناسان در بازاریابی محصول و میزان تنوع بازار فروش و نیز شرکت در دوره‌های آموزشی ـ ترویجی با شغل اصلی و نظر کشاورز در خصوص امکان کمک کارشناسان رابطه معنی‌داری وجود دارد. بین امکان بهبود کیفیت محصول، بازارگرایی و بازارشناسی و امکان ایفای نقش ترویج نیز رابطه معنی‌دار و مستقیم وجود دارد ولی در رابطه با بازارگردانی چنین امری مشاهده نشد. در مقایسه مشکلات بازاریابی، امکان ایفای نقش ترویج در بازاریابی و چگونگی انجام روش‌های آموزشی ـ ترویجی مورد نیاز در بازاریابی بین دو گروه کارشناسان و کشاورز تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نگردید. پرونده مقاله