Deep sub-zero treatment is a complementary operation performed on all types of tool steels, carbonized and high-speed steels to improve wear resistance and hardness. Among these tool steels, H13 is a hot work tool steel that have an extended application in industry as a hot deforming tool. This paper investigates the wear behavior of deep cryogenic treated H13 hot work steel at operating temperature. Two quench-tempered and quench-subzero-tempered samples are compared. The microstructures of the specimens were determined by scanning electron microscopy, and the structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. Vickers hardness used for determining hardness after each treatment. The wear test was carried out at 250°C (mold temperature on forging of copper base alloys). Finally, the wear surface was examined by scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS analyzer. The results show that the highest hardness was in quench-subzero-tempered condition which is about 26% higher than the quench-tempered in oil conditions. This is due to the formation of fine, dispersed and uniform precipitates and higher martensite percentage in quench-subzero-tempered sample compared to quench-tempered sample. Quench-subzero-temper operation reduced the residual austenite percentage by 10% and improved the wear properties by 36% at 250° C. Examination of wear surfaces indicates the presence of oxidized surfaces adhered to the wear surface in the form of abrasive particles. These oxide levels were lower in quench-subzero-tempered sample than quench-tempered sample. پرونده مقاله

Ni-Hard4 white cast iron is excellent wear resistant material and has been widely used in wearaffected equipment operated under extreme conditions, such as in mineral processing, cement, copper and iron manufacturing. In this study the effect of titanium addition (1.2, 0.7 and 0.2 wt.%) to the Ni-hard 4 cast iron with the nominal composition of Si= 1.5%, Mn=0.5%, C=3%, P=0.05%, S= 0.05%, Mo= 0.1%, Cr= 8% and Ni= 5.5% was investigated. This study was focused on the hardness, tensile strength, wear resistance and microstructural changes of the Ni-hard 4 cast iron. The results were compared with the Ni-hard 4 titanium free cast iron and demonstrated that the carbide morphology changes from rough plane to the flower leaf due to titanium addition. In addition, results showed that by increasing the percentage of titanium, hardness, strength and wear resistance is improved. In the samples with 1.3% titanium, the hardness, strength and wear resistance improved for 35, 22.5 and 85% respectively as compared with the titanium-free samples. This behavior is a consequence of the chromium carbide replacement with the hard titanium carbides as well as grain refining. Investigating the worn out surface of the samples showed that the predominant wear mechanism is the combination of the adhesive and tibo-chemical. پرونده مقاله

جوشکاری هم‌زن اصطکاکی آلیاژهای تیتانیوم با آلومینیوم به خاطر مسائلی ار قبیل سایش ابزار و انتخاب مناسب پارامترهای فرآیند با مشکلات فراوانی همراه است. کنترل مناسب متغیرها جهت بدست آوردن یک جوش سالم و عاری از عیب در جوشکاری اهمیت بسیار زیادی دارد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر تغییرات سرعت دوران و پیش‌روی ابزار بر ریزساختار و خواص مکانیکی اتصال در جوشکاری هم‌زن اصطکاکی آلیاژهای تیتانیوم خالص تجاری و آلومینیوم 321 H- 5083 است. به همین منظور میکرو ساختار، سختی و آزمون کشش بر روی اتصال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بررسی ها نشان داد که نسبت سرعت دورانی به سرعت پیشروی ابزار پارامتر اساسی در تعیین استحکام و ریزساختار نهایی جوش می باشد و بهترین نتیجه برای ریزساختار، سختی و نتایج آزمون کشش در نسبت بهینه 4/22، که مربوط به سرعت دورانی 1120 و سرعت پیشروی 50 می باشد، حاصل شد و کاهش یا افزایش از این نسبت بهینه باعث کاهش استحکام و سختی می گردد. سختی در ناحیۀ جوش برابر 480 ویکرز است بدین معنی که سختی در این ناحیه نسبت به فلز پایه تیتانیوم وآلومینیوم به ترتیب % 16 و%60 افزایش یافته است که به دلیل ترکیب بین فلزی تیتانیوم- آلومینیوم ایجاد شده در ناحیۀ جوش است. استحکام جوش به دست آمده در این نسبت بهینه نیز برابر %20 استحکام فلز پایه آلومنیوم است. پرونده مقاله