تنوع فیتوشیمیایی اسانس بذر چند جمعیت شاهی (Lepidium sativum L.) در رویشگاه‌های مختلف ایران
محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی
نیلوفر جلوه گر
1
,
سید مهدی میری
2
,
خداداد مصطفوی
3
,
عبداله محمدی
4
1 - گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
2 - گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
3 - گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
4 - گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, بذر, جمعیت شاهی, کروماتوگرافی-طیف سنج جرمی, گیاهان دارویی, متابولیت های ثانویه, منوترپن,
چکیده مقاله :
جنس Lepidium از تیره کلم سانان دارای 16 گونه در ایران می باشد و معروفترین گونه آن شاهی یا ترتیزک (L. sativum) است که به عنوان سبزی یا گیاه دارویی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی کمّی و کیفی اسانس بذر هفت جمعیت شاهی جمع آوری شده از مناطق مختلف اقلیمی ایران است. اسانس گیری به روش تقطیر با آب و طرح کلونجر انجام شد و برای شناسایی و تعیین درصد کمّی ترکیب های اسانس از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی-طیف سنج جرمی (GC-MS) استفاده گردید. اصلی ترین ترکیب های تشکیل دهنده اسانس بذرها، منوترپن های 8،1-سینئول (5/44 درصد)، آلفا-ترپینیل استات (9/13 درصد) و آلفا-پینن (7/7 درصد) بودند. جمعیت‌های کرج، کرمان و قزوین به ترتیب بیشترین مقادیر 8،1-سینئول، آلفا-ترپینیل استات و آلفا-پینن را به خود اختصاص دادند. نتایج تجزیه خوشه ای بر اساس ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس بذر شاهی به روش نزدیک ترین همسایه نشان داد که هفت جمعیت مورد مطالعه در دو گروه قرار گرفتند که این گروه بندی با مختصات جغرافیایی مناطق مطابقت نداشت. در گروه اول جمعیت های کرمان، قزوین، شهریار و تبریز و در گروه دوم جمعیت های شیراز، همدان و کرج که بیشترین میزان 8،1-سینئول و کمترین مقادیر آلفا-ترپینیل استات و 10،7-هگزا دکا دی انوئیک اسید، متیل استر را داشتند قرار گرفتند. بر اساس نتایج نمودار بای-پلات تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی، جمعیت کرج که دارای کمترین مقادیر مولفه‌های اول و دوم بود در گروهی متمایز قرار گرفت. بین ترکیب های اصلی اسانس با مختصات جغرافیایی و شرایط آب و هوایی محل جمع آوری همبستگی معنی داری مشاهده نشد.
The genus Lepidium from the family Brassicaceae has 16 species in Iran, and the most famous species is garden cress (L. sativum), which is used as a vegetable or medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of seven L. sativum populations collected from different climatic regions of Iran. Seeds of L. sativum populations were hydro-distillated by clevenger, and the chemical composition of the essential oils and their quantitative percentages were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The main compounds of seed essential oil were monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (44.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.9%) and α-pinene (7.7%). The populations of Karaj, Kerman and Qazvin had the highest amounts of 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate and α-pinene, respectively. The results of cluster analysis based on the chemical composition of garden cress seed essential oil using the Nearest neighbor method showed that seven studied populations were divided into two groups, and this grouping did not match the geographical coordinates of the regions. The first group included the populations of Kerman, Qazvin, Shahriar and Tabriz, and the second group were the populations of Shiraz, Hamadan and Karaj, which had the highest amount of 1,8-cineole and the lowest amount of α-terpinyl acetate and 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester. According to the results of the bi-plot diagram of principle component analysis (PCA), Karaj population -which had the lowest values of the first and second components- was placed in a distinct group. No significant correlation was observed between the main compositions of the essential oil with the geographic coordinates and weather conditions of the collection sites.
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