بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس گیاه دارویی Salvia eremophila Boiss. در مراحل مختلف فنولوژی در استان یزد

محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی

غلامرضا زارعی ¹ ( 1استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد میبد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میبد، ایران )
عباس مروتی شریف آباد ² ( کارشناس‌ارشد مرتعداری، یزد )

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/10/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/01

کلید واژه: یزد, فنولوژی, اسانس, آلفا-پینن, مریم گلی (Salvia eremophila Boiss.),

چکیده مقاله :

گیاه مریم گلی بیابانی با نام علمیBoiss. Salvia eremophila متعلق به تیره نعنا و یکی از گونه های معطر و انحصاری ایران است. این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه کمیت و کیفیت اسانس سرشاخه های این گیاه در مراحل مختلف فنولوژی در دو فصل بهار و تابستان در سال 1393 در منطقه حفاظت شده مرور از استان یزد انجام شد. مراحل فنولوژی مورد مطالعه شامل مرحله قبل از گلدهی، اوایل گلدهی، اواخر گلدهی و میوه دهی کامل بودند. استخراج اسانس سرشاخه های گیاه با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب( طرح کلونجر) و آنالیز اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه گازکروماتوگراف و گاز کروماتوگراف متصل شده به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/Ms) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در فصول بهار و تابستان بیشترین بازده اسانس در مرحله میوه دهی کامل و به‌ترتیب 99/1 درصد و 59/1 درصد و کمترین بازده اسانس در مرحله اواخر گلدهی به میزان 34/1 درصد و 13/1 درصد می باشد. عمده ترین ترکیبات اسانس در هر دو فصل به‌ترتیب آلفا-پینن، بورنئول، بورنیل استات و کامفن بودند. آلفا-پینن (97/35 درصد) و کامفن (11/12 درصد) در اسانس بهاره بیشتر از تابستان و بورنئول (37/24 درصد) و بورنیل استات (26/19 درصد) در اسانس تابستانه بیشتر از بهاره است. مرحله میوه دهی کامل در آبان ماه به‌عنوان بهترین مرحله برداشت جهت حصول حداکثر بازده اسانس پیشنهاد می گردد و همچنین گیاه مریم گلی بیابانی به‌عنوان یکی از منابع جهت استخراج ترکیب آلفا-پینن گزارش می‌گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Salvia eremophila  Boiss. belongs to Lamiaceae family is one of the most aromatic exclusive plants in Iran. This study was evaluated by comparing in quality and quantity of Salvia eremophila Boiss. essential oil  during different stages of  plant growth  in spring and summer  2014 (Marvar region of Yazd province). Aerial parts of plant were collected in different stages: before blooming, in blooming, full blooming and fruit ripening. The essential oil samples were extracted by water-distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS.  Results were showed that in both spring and summer the most amount of essential oil were related in fruit ripening stage equaled to 1.99 and 1.59 % respectively, in which α-pinene, borneol, bornyl acetate and camphene were the major compounds of essential oil during these two seasons, respectively. The α-pinene (35.97%) and camphene (12.11%) were the main components of plant essential oil in spring, while the borneol (24.37%) and bornyl acetate (19.26%) were the main essential oil components in summer stage, respectively. So in fruit ripening the plant had the highest amounts of essential oil yield and Salvia eremophila Boiss. is also reported as one of the sources of extracting alpha-pinene.

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