بررسی تاثیر روش استخراج بر کمیت، کیفیت، ترکیبات شیمیایی و ماهیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی اسانس گیاه دارویی(Ferulago angulata (Schlechat) Boiss
محورهای موضوعی :
گیاهان دارویی
روح الله جعفرآزاد
1
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یزد)
بهاره صادقی
2
(عضو هیئت علمی گروه شیمی آلی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی یزد)
محمد حسین مسلمین
3
(گروه شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یزد)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/12/08
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/07/01
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/09/01
کلید واژه:
مایکروویو,
فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی,
کلونجر,
چویل,
مافوق صوت,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر دو روش استخراج کلونجر و مایکروویو بر کمیت، کیفیت، ترکیبات شیمیایی و ماهیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی اسانس گیاه دارویی چویل(Ferulago angulata (Schlechat) Boiss.) بود. در روش کلونجر و مایکروویو نسبت گیاه به آب 1:10 و 1:20، توان‌های مایکروویو 330، 660 و 990 وات (30، 60 و 90 درصد) به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل و پیش تیمار غیرمستقیم مافوق صوت (در دماهای 20 و 45 درجه سانتی‌گراد) به‌عنوان فاکتور موثر بر استخراج اسانس گیاه چویل استفاده گردید. برای شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی از کروماتوگرافی گازی/طیف‌سنجی استفاده شد و سایر پارامترها مانند راندمان، وزن مخصوص، رنگ، ضریب شکست و خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی اسانس چویل نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. استفاده از مایکروویو و افزایش توان آن منجر به کاهش زمان آغاز استخراج، کاهش زمان مورد نیاز جهت تکمیل استخراج و همچنین زمان مورد نیاز جهت تثبیت منحنی استخراج از چهار ساعت به یک ساعت گردید.در هر دو روشمجموعاً 25 ترکیب در روغن اسانسی گیاه چویل شناسایی گردید که بیش‌ترین ترکیب موجود در اسانس چویل ترکیب بتا فلاندرن (35 درصد) بود که مقدار آن نسبت به سایر ترکیبات بسیار بیشتر و در هر دو روش تقریبا یکسان بود. زمان آغاز استخراج در روش مایکروویو به طور معنی داری (05/0>P) کمتر از روش کلونجر بود. پیش تیمار مافوق صوت در دماهای مختلف و استفاده از روش‌های مختلف استخراج به وسیله کلونجر و استخراج به کمک مایکروویو در توان‌های مختلف و همچنین تغییر نسبت گیاه به آب، تأثیر چندانی بر روی ضریب شکست اسانس، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، وزن مخصوص گیاه چویل نداشت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The objective of the present study was to investigate the extraction of Ferulago angulate essential oil using the two methods of Clevenger-microwave and ultrasound, and to examine their effects on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of this medicinal plant. In the Clevenger-microwave method, the plant to water ratios of 1:10 and 1:20 and the microwave power of 330, 660 and 990 w (30,60 and 90%) were taken into account as the independent variables, while in the ultrasound method, the indirect ultrasound pretreatment (at 20 and 45°C) was considered as the affecting factors for the extraction of the essential oil of Ferulago angulate. In order to identify the chemical compounds, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed and the impact of other parameters, including the efficiency, specific gravity, color, refractive index and antioxidant power of the essential oil were also valuated. It was found out that application of microwave and the rise in its power led to a decrease in the extraction initial time as well as a reduction in the extraction completion time and the time needed for the extraction curve to get constant from 4 h to 1 h. β-phellandrene had the largest content (approximately 35%). Extraction time in the microwave treatment was significantly lower than that of Clevenger.Ultrasound pretreatment at various temperatures, utilization of the Clevenger-microwave extraction method at different microwave powers and the change in the plant to water ratio did not have considerable effects on the essential oil refractive index, antioxidant activity and specific gravity.
منابع و مأخذ:
References
Armstrong, S.D. 1999. Microwave-assisted extraction for the isolation of trace systemic Fungicides from woody plant material, Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy In Chemistry. PhD Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Bayramoglu, B., Sahin, S. and Sumnu, G. 2008. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from oregano. Journal of Food Engineering, 88(4):535-540.
Bendahou, M., Muselli, A., Grignondubois, M., Benyoucef, M., and Desjobert, J.M. 2008. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of origanum glandulosum Desf. Essential oil and extract obtained by microwave extraction: Comparison with hydro distillation. Food Chemistry, 106(11): 132-139.
Burits, M. and Bucar, F. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotheraphy Research, 14(2): 323-328.
Camel, V. 2000. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of environmental samples. Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, 19(4): 229-248.
Chemat, F., Lucchesi, M.E., Smadja, J., Favretto, L., Colnaghi, G. and Visinoni, F. 2006. Microwave accelerated steam distillation of essential oil from lavender: A rapid, clean and environmentally friendly approach. Analytica Chimica Acta, 35(3): 157–160.
Chemat, S., Lagha, A., Aitamar H., Bartels, P.V. and Chemat, F. 2004. Comparison of conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction of carvone and limonene from caraway seeds. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 41(19): 188-195.
Decker, E.A., Warner, K., Richards, M.P. and Shahidi, B. 2005. Measuring antioxidant effectiveness in food. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 53(1): 4303-4310.
Golmakani, M.T. and Rezaei, K. 2008. Microwave assisted hydrodistillation of essential oils from Zataria Multi flora Boiss. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 110(3): 448-454.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. 2004. NO. 13575. Oil of thyme containing thymol, Spanish type [Thymus zygis (Loefl.) L.] specifications and test methods.
Javidnia, K., Miri, R., Edraki, N., Khoshneviszadeh, M. and Javidnia, A. 2006. Constituents of the volatile oil of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. From Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 18(5): 548-50.
Kalatejari, A. 2012. Investigation of effect microwave on extraction essence and chemical component in some plant samples. MSc Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch. 73-92.
Kashfi Bonab, A. 2010. Economic comparative advantage of cultivation and trade of medicinal plants in iran and Its value on world markets. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 5(6): 36-39.
Luccheci, M.E., Chemat, F. and Smadja, J. 2004. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. Journal of Food Engineering, 56(5):323-327.
Mason, T.J., Paniwnyk, L., Lorimer, J. and P. 1996. The uses of ultrasound in food technology, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 3(2): 253-260.
Mohammadhosseini, M. 2016. A Comprehensive Review on new methods for processing, separation and identification of the essential oils. Islamic Azad University of Shahrood Press, Shahrood, Iran. 61-73.
Mozzafarian, V. 2009. Encyclopedia of Plants. Farhange Moaser Public. p.740.
Putri, Y., Kharisma, D., Dewi, P., Ekawati, I., Kusuma, H.S. and Mahfud, M. 2019. Extraction of an essential oil from fresh cananga flowers (Cananga odorata) using solvent-free microwave method. Journal of Chemical Technology & Metallurgy, 54(4): 161-173.
Rezazade, Sh., Yazdani, D. and Shahbazi, S. 2002. Identification of active ingredients of branches of Ferulago angulata collected from West Iran. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 7(3): 35-38.
Rezvanpanah, SH., Razaei, K., Razavi, S.H. and Moini, S. 2008. Use of microwave- assisted Hydrodistillation to Extract the Essential Oils from Satureja hortensis and Satureja Montana. Food Science and Technology Research, 14(3):311-314.
Safaei-ghomi, J., Shahroodi, F. and Batooli, H. 2009. Volatile constituents of the flowers and leaves of Eucalyptus oleosa Cultivated in central Iran. Chemistry of Natural Compound. 45(1):106-109.
Saleh, I.A., El Gendy, A.N.G., Afifi, M. A. and El-Seedi, H.R. 2019. Microwave extraction of essential oils from senecio serpens GD rowly and comparison with conventional hydro-distillation method. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 11(3): 28-34.
Sharma, A. and Gupta, M.N. 2004. Oil extraction from almond, apricot and rice bran by three‐phase partitioning after ultrasonication. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 106(3):183-186.
Süfer, O. and Bozok, F. 2019. Determination of volatile components and antioxidant activity of essential oil obtained from kastamonu garlic by microwave-assisted clevenger syetem. GIDA, 44(1): 22-30.
Yang, G., Wang, G., Li, X. and Zhang, M. 2011. Study on new extraction technology and chemical composition of Litsea cubeba essential oil. The Open Materials Science Journal, 11(5): 93-99.
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References
Armstrong, S.D. 1999. Microwave-assisted extraction for the isolation of trace systemic Fungicides from woody plant material, Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy In Chemistry. PhD Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Bayramoglu, B., Sahin, S. and Sumnu, G. 2008. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from oregano. Journal of Food Engineering, 88(4):535-540.
Bendahou, M., Muselli, A., Grignondubois, M., Benyoucef, M., and Desjobert, J.M. 2008. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of origanum glandulosum Desf. Essential oil and extract obtained by microwave extraction: Comparison with hydro distillation. Food Chemistry, 106(11): 132-139.
Burits, M. and Bucar, F. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotheraphy Research, 14(2): 323-328.
Camel, V. 2000. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of environmental samples. Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, 19(4): 229-248.
Chemat, F., Lucchesi, M.E., Smadja, J., Favretto, L., Colnaghi, G. and Visinoni, F. 2006. Microwave accelerated steam distillation of essential oil from lavender: A rapid, clean and environmentally friendly approach. Analytica Chimica Acta, 35(3): 157–160.
Chemat, S., Lagha, A., Aitamar H., Bartels, P.V. and Chemat, F. 2004. Comparison of conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction of carvone and limonene from caraway seeds. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 41(19): 188-195.
Decker, E.A., Warner, K., Richards, M.P. and Shahidi, B. 2005. Measuring antioxidant effectiveness in food. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 53(1): 4303-4310.
Golmakani, M.T. and Rezaei, K. 2008. Microwave assisted hydrodistillation of essential oils from Zataria Multi flora Boiss. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 110(3): 448-454.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. 2004. NO. 13575. Oil of thyme containing thymol, Spanish type [Thymus zygis (Loefl.) L.] specifications and test methods.
Javidnia, K., Miri, R., Edraki, N., Khoshneviszadeh, M. and Javidnia, A. 2006. Constituents of the volatile oil of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. From Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 18(5): 548-50.
Kalatejari, A. 2012. Investigation of effect microwave on extraction essence and chemical component in some plant samples. MSc Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch. 73-92.
Kashfi Bonab, A. 2010. Economic comparative advantage of cultivation and trade of medicinal plants in iran and Its value on world markets. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 5(6): 36-39.
Luccheci, M.E., Chemat, F. and Smadja, J. 2004. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. Journal of Food Engineering, 56(5):323-327.
Mason, T.J., Paniwnyk, L., Lorimer, J. and P. 1996. The uses of ultrasound in food technology, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 3(2): 253-260.
Mohammadhosseini, M. 2016. A Comprehensive Review on new methods for processing, separation and identification of the essential oils. Islamic Azad University of Shahrood Press, Shahrood, Iran. 61-73.
Mozzafarian, V. 2009. Encyclopedia of Plants. Farhange Moaser Public. p.740.
Putri, Y., Kharisma, D., Dewi, P., Ekawati, I., Kusuma, H.S. and Mahfud, M. 2019. Extraction of an essential oil from fresh cananga flowers (Cananga odorata) using solvent-free microwave method. Journal of Chemical Technology & Metallurgy, 54(4): 161-173.
Rezazade, Sh., Yazdani, D. and Shahbazi, S. 2002. Identification of active ingredients of branches of Ferulago angulata collected from West Iran. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 7(3): 35-38.
Rezvanpanah, SH., Razaei, K., Razavi, S.H. and Moini, S. 2008. Use of microwave- assisted Hydrodistillation to Extract the Essential Oils from Satureja hortensis and Satureja Montana. Food Science and Technology Research, 14(3):311-314.
Safaei-ghomi, J., Shahroodi, F. and Batooli, H. 2009. Volatile constituents of the flowers and leaves of Eucalyptus oleosa Cultivated in central Iran. Chemistry of Natural Compound. 45(1):106-109.
Saleh, I.A., El Gendy, A.N.G., Afifi, M. A. and El-Seedi, H.R. 2019. Microwave extraction of essential oils from senecio serpens GD rowly and comparison with conventional hydro-distillation method. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 11(3): 28-34.
Sharma, A. and Gupta, M.N. 2004. Oil extraction from almond, apricot and rice bran by three‐phase partitioning after ultrasonication. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 106(3):183-186.
Süfer, O. and Bozok, F. 2019. Determination of volatile components and antioxidant activity of essential oil obtained from kastamonu garlic by microwave-assisted clevenger syetem. GIDA, 44(1): 22-30.
Yang, G., Wang, G., Li, X. and Zhang, M. 2011. Study on new extraction technology and chemical composition of Litsea cubeba essential oil. The Open Materials Science Journal, 11(5): 93-99.
