اثر نظام‌های مختلف کودی زیستی، شیمیایی و تلفیقی بر رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکسیما ابیار 1 , براتعلی فاخری 2 , حسین گرگینی شبانکاره 3 , نفیسه مهدی نژاد 4 , مریم هراتی راد 5
1 - گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
2 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
3 - گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران.
4 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
5 - گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
کلید واژه: پروتئین, سطح برگ, نیتروکسین, بیوفسفر, NPK,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی، شیمیایی و تلفیقی بر رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی 94-1393 اجرا شد. آزمایش شامل 13 تیمار بود که عبارتند از: NPK، بیوفسفر، بیوفسفر+ 25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفر+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفر+100 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین، نیتروکسین + 25 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین + 50 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین +100 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین + بیوفسفر، نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفر + 25 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین + بیوفسفر +50 درصد NPK و نیتروکسین + بیوفسفر+100 درصد NPK. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف کود شیمیایی، زیستی و تلفیقی بر اغلب صفات مورد بررسی به استثنای تعداد برگ، تاریخ گلدهی و تعداد گلچه در طبق معنی‌دار بود. در اغلب صفات بیشترین میانگین از تیمار تلفیقی نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفر + 100 درصد NPK حاصل گردید هرچند اختلاف معنی‌داری با تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفر +50 درصد NPK نداشت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کاربرد تلفیقی کود زیستی نیتروکسین + بیوفسفر + 50 درصد NPK در مقایسه با تیمار تلفیقی نیتروکسین + بیوفسفر + 100 درصد NPK می‌تواند ضمن کاهش 50 درصدی مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، عملکرد مطلوبی نیز تولید کند. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده می‌توان اظهار داشت که استفاده از 50 درصد مقدار توصیه شده کودهای شیمیایی به همراه کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین و بیوفسفر می‌تواند جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد کمی و کیفی آفتابگردان توصیه گردد.
In order to investigate the effects of biological, chemical, and integrated fertilizers on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflowers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Zabol University in the growing season 2014-15. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments including NPK, biophosphorus, biophosphorus + 25% NPK, biophosphorus + 50% NPK, biophosphorus + 100% NPK, nitroxin, nitroxin + 25% NPK, nitroxin + 50% NPK, nitroxin + 100% NPK, biophosphorus + nitroxin, biophosphorus + nitroxin + 25% NPK, biophosphorus + nitroxin + 50%NPK and biophosphorus + nitroxin + 100%NPK. The results showed that the effect of different treatments of chemical, biological, and integrated fertilizers were significant on most of the studied traits except the number of leaves, flowering date, and the number of florets per head. The highest mean in most of the studied traits belonged to the nitroxin + biophosphorus + 100% NPK treatment which was not significantly different from the nitroxin + biophosphorus + 50% NPK integrated treatment. The results of this study showed that combined application of nitroxin + biophosphorus + 50% NPK in comparison with the integrated treatment of nitroxin + biophosphorus + 100% NPK in addition to reducing 50% of chemical fertilizers application can also produce optimal yield. According to the obtained results, the application of 50% of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizers in combination with the nitroxin and biophosphorus biofertilizers can be recommended for obtaining the maximum quality and quantity yield of sunflower.
Afrasyabi, M., Amini Deheghi, M. and Modares Sanavi, S.M.A. (2012). The impact of bio-fertilizer phosphate 2 and triple superphosphate fertilizer on yield, Quality and nutrient uptake in annual medics species Asmutalata (Medicago scutellata, cv.Robinson). Journal of Agronomy sciences. 2(4):43-54.
Bastami, A., Majidian, M., Mohsen Abadi, Gh.R. and Bakhshi, D. (2015). Effects of fertilizer treatments on yield and quality of the Coriander. Crops Improvement. 17(1):93-107.
Casson, SA., Lindsey, K., Genes, M. and ignalling, B. (2003). n root development. NewPhytologist. 11 - 38.
Darzi, M., Ghalavand, A. and Rajaii, F. (2009). The biological effect of fertilizers on the uptake of N, P, K and grain yield in fennel. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 25(1): 1-19.
Fatma, A. G., Lobna, A. M. and Osman, N. M. (2008). Effect of compost and biofertilizers on growth yield and essential oil of sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) plant. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 10(4): 381–387.
Habibi, S. and Majidian, M. (2014). The impact of different levels of nitrogen and vermicompost fertilizer on yield and quality of sweet corn hybrid Chase. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 4(11):15-26.
Hojati pour, A., Jafari Haghighi, B. and Dorostkar, M.(2013). The effectiveness of combining biological and chemical fertilizers on grain yield, Wheat yield and growth indices. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 5(15):36-48.
Han, H.S. and Lee, K.D. (2006). Effect of inoculation with phosphate and potassium co-in solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant Soil and Environment. 52: 130 - 136.
Han, H. S., Supanjani, D. and Lee, K.D. (2006). Effect of coin coculation with phosphate andpotassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant Soil Environment. 52: 130-136.
Hasanzade, A.(1999). Effect of different feeding systems on yield and nitrogen efficiency in some sunflower varieties in Azarbaijan-e-Gharbi. MSc thesis Tarbiat Modarres University.
Gagnon, B., Simard, R.R., Robitaille, R., Goulet, M. and Rioux, R. (1997). Effect of compost and inorganic fertilizer on spring wheat growth and N uptake Canadian. Journal of soil Science. 77: 1369-1384.
Gryndler, M., Sudova, R. and Rydlova, J.(2008). Cultivation of high-biomass crops on coal mine spoil banks: Can microbial inoculation compensate for high doses of organic matter? Bioresource Technology. 99(14): 6391-6399.
Karimzadeh Asl, K.H., Mazaheri, D. and Pieghambari, S.A. (2003). Effect of four irrigation interval on the seed yield on the quantities characteristics of the three sunflower cultivars. Journal of Agriculture of Science. 24: 293-300.
Khoram Del, S., Kuchaki, A., Nasiri Mohalati, M. and Ghorbani, R. (2008). The effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L. ). Journal of agricultural research in Iran. 8(5): 768_776.
Maleki Narag, M. and Baluchi, H.R. (2012). The effect of chemical fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and bio yield of sweet corn (Zea may var saccharata). Journal of Plant Production. 19(4).
Mishra, B.B. and Nayak, K.C. )2004(. Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Orissa Review. Pp: 42-45.
Mohammad varzi, B., Habibi, D., Vazan, S.A. and Pazky, A. (2009). Effect of bacteria growth and nitrogen on quality (Heliaanthus annus L.) seed. Journal - Acophiziology Crops Research. 2(3): 160-156.
Mooleki, S.P., Schoenau, J.J., Charles, J.L. and Gwen, G. (2004). Effect of rat, frequency and incorporation of feedlot cattele manure on soil nitrogen availability crop performance and nitrogen use efficiency nin east-central Saskachwan Canadian. Journal of Soil Science. 84: 199-210.
Munir, M.A., Malik, M.A. and Saleem, M.F. (2007). Impact of integration of crop manuring and nitrogen application on growth, yield and quality of spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Pakistan. Journal of Botany. 39(2): 441-449.
Nagananda, G.S., Das, A., Bhattacharya, S. and Kalpana, T. (2010). In vitro studies on the effects of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Rhizobium) on seed germination and development of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) using a novel glass marble containing liquid medium Int. Journal Botany. 6: 394-403.
Nejatzadeh, F. (2015). The effects of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil blend in (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology. 5(19):77-84.
Neumann, G., Massoneau, A., Martinoida, E. and Rombeld, V. (1999). Physiological adaptations to phosphorus deficiency during proteoid root development in white lupin. Planta .208(3): 373-382.
Omidi, A.H. (2009). Effect of drought stress at different growth stages on seed yeild and some agro-physiological traits of three spring safflower cultivars. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 1(2-25): 15-31.
Rabii, M., Jilani, M. and Karimi, Sh. (2015). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on harvest index and agronomic traits Trtykalh plant in Gilan district. Crops Improvement.17(2): 313-327.
Raeipour, L. and Asgharzade, N.(2007). The interactive effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bradyrhizobium on growth, nodulation and nutrient uptakes in soybean. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 53: 40-65.
Shahoii, S.S. (2006). Nature and properties of soils Kurdistan. University Press. P.900 .
Sharma, A.K. (2003). Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios. India,P. 424 .
Shyalaja, J. and Swarajyalakshmi, G. (2004). Response of sunflower (HelianthusAnnuus l.) to conjunctive use of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield andquality parameters Indian. Journal Dryland Agriculture Reserch and Development. 19(1): 88-90.
Tilak, V.B., Ranganayaki, N., Pal, K.R., De, A.K., Saxena, C., Shekhar Nautiyal,K.V., Shilipi Mittal, A.K., Tripathi, A. and Johri B.N. (2005). Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Journal Current Science. 89: 136-150.
Tohidimoghadam, H. B., Ghousgchi, F., Zakeri, A. and Hadi, H. (2008). Evaluation of Azospirillum, Azotobacter with nitrogen chemical fertilizer utilization on yield of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agriculture and Science. 5: 1-7.
Tohidimogaddam, H. B., Sani, M., Sharifi, M. and Ghoshchi, F.(2008). Effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on some quantitative characteristics of soybean from perspective of sustainable agriculture. Crop Science Congress Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan.
Wu, S.C., Cao, Z. H., Li, Z.G., Cheung, K.C. and Wong M.H. (2005). Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth. Greenhouse Geoderma. 125: 155-166.
Yasari, E. and Patwardhan, A.M. (2007). Effect of Aztobacter and Azospirillum inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of canola Asian. Journal Plant Science. 6(1): 77-82.
Yousefpoor, Z. and Yadavi, A.R. (2013). Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 24(1): 2014, 95-112.
Zaied, K.A., Abd El-Hady, A. H., Afify Aida, H. and Nassef, M.A. (2003). Yield and nitrogen assimilation of winter wheat inoculated with new recombinant inoculants of rhizobacteria. Pakistan. Journal of Biological Sciences. 6(4): 344-358.
Zomorodi, M., Shahsavani, Sh., Firuz Abadi, M. and Naderi, A.A. (2015). The effect of urea fertilizers, ferrous sulfate and vermicompost on growth characteristics and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Dargaz in the city. Agroecology. 7(3): 285-298.
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Afrasyabi, M., Amini Deheghi, M. and Modares Sanavi, S.M.A. (2012). The impact of bio-fertilizer phosphate 2 and triple superphosphate fertilizer on yield, Quality and nutrient uptake in annual medics species Asmutalata (Medicago scutellata, cv.Robinson). Journal of Agronomy sciences. 2(4):43-54.
Bastami, A., Majidian, M., Mohsen Abadi, Gh.R. and Bakhshi, D. (2015). Effects of fertilizer treatments on yield and quality of the Coriander. Crops Improvement. 17(1):93-107.
Casson, SA., Lindsey, K., Genes, M. and ignalling, B. (2003). n root development. NewPhytologist. 11 - 38.
Darzi, M., Ghalavand, A. and Rajaii, F. (2009). The biological effect of fertilizers on the uptake of N, P, K and grain yield in fennel. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 25(1): 1-19.
Fatma, A. G., Lobna, A. M. and Osman, N. M. (2008). Effect of compost and biofertilizers on growth yield and essential oil of sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) plant. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 10(4): 381–387.
Habibi, S. and Majidian, M. (2014). The impact of different levels of nitrogen and vermicompost fertilizer on yield and quality of sweet corn hybrid Chase. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 4(11):15-26.
Hojati pour, A., Jafari Haghighi, B. and Dorostkar, M.(2013). The effectiveness of combining biological and chemical fertilizers on grain yield, Wheat yield and growth indices. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 5(15):36-48.
Han, H.S. and Lee, K.D. (2006). Effect of inoculation with phosphate and potassium co-in solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant Soil and Environment. 52: 130 - 136.
Han, H. S., Supanjani, D. and Lee, K.D. (2006). Effect of coin coculation with phosphate andpotassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant Soil Environment. 52: 130-136.
Hasanzade, A.(1999). Effect of different feeding systems on yield and nitrogen efficiency in some sunflower varieties in Azarbaijan-e-Gharbi. MSc thesis Tarbiat Modarres University.
Gagnon, B., Simard, R.R., Robitaille, R., Goulet, M. and Rioux, R. (1997). Effect of compost and inorganic fertilizer on spring wheat growth and N uptake Canadian. Journal of soil Science. 77: 1369-1384.
Gryndler, M., Sudova, R. and Rydlova, J.(2008). Cultivation of high-biomass crops on coal mine spoil banks: Can microbial inoculation compensate for high doses of organic matter? Bioresource Technology. 99(14): 6391-6399.
Karimzadeh Asl, K.H., Mazaheri, D. and Pieghambari, S.A. (2003). Effect of four irrigation interval on the seed yield on the quantities characteristics of the three sunflower cultivars. Journal of Agriculture of Science. 24: 293-300.
Khoram Del, S., Kuchaki, A., Nasiri Mohalati, M. and Ghorbani, R. (2008). The effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L. ). Journal of agricultural research in Iran. 8(5): 768_776.
Maleki Narag, M. and Baluchi, H.R. (2012). The effect of chemical fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and bio yield of sweet corn (Zea may var saccharata). Journal of Plant Production. 19(4).
Mishra, B.B. and Nayak, K.C. )2004(. Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Orissa Review. Pp: 42-45.
Mohammad varzi, B., Habibi, D., Vazan, S.A. and Pazky, A. (2009). Effect of bacteria growth and nitrogen on quality (Heliaanthus annus L.) seed. Journal - Acophiziology Crops Research. 2(3): 160-156.
Mooleki, S.P., Schoenau, J.J., Charles, J.L. and Gwen, G. (2004). Effect of rat, frequency and incorporation of feedlot cattele manure on soil nitrogen availability crop performance and nitrogen use efficiency nin east-central Saskachwan Canadian. Journal of Soil Science. 84: 199-210.
Munir, M.A., Malik, M.A. and Saleem, M.F. (2007). Impact of integration of crop manuring and nitrogen application on growth, yield and quality of spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Pakistan. Journal of Botany. 39(2): 441-449.
Nagananda, G.S., Das, A., Bhattacharya, S. and Kalpana, T. (2010). In vitro studies on the effects of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Rhizobium) on seed germination and development of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) using a novel glass marble containing liquid medium Int. Journal Botany. 6: 394-403.
Nejatzadeh, F. (2015). The effects of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil blend in (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology. 5(19):77-84.
Neumann, G., Massoneau, A., Martinoida, E. and Rombeld, V. (1999). Physiological adaptations to phosphorus deficiency during proteoid root development in white lupin. Planta .208(3): 373-382.
Omidi, A.H. (2009). Effect of drought stress at different growth stages on seed yeild and some agro-physiological traits of three spring safflower cultivars. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 1(2-25): 15-31.
Rabii, M., Jilani, M. and Karimi, Sh. (2015). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on harvest index and agronomic traits Trtykalh plant in Gilan district. Crops Improvement.17(2): 313-327.
Raeipour, L. and Asgharzade, N.(2007). The interactive effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Bradyrhizobium on growth, nodulation and nutrient uptakes in soybean. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 53: 40-65.
Shahoii, S.S. (2006). Nature and properties of soils Kurdistan. University Press. P.900 .
Sharma, A.K. (2003). Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios. India,P. 424 .
Shyalaja, J. and Swarajyalakshmi, G. (2004). Response of sunflower (HelianthusAnnuus l.) to conjunctive use of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield andquality parameters Indian. Journal Dryland Agriculture Reserch and Development. 19(1): 88-90.
Tilak, V.B., Ranganayaki, N., Pal, K.R., De, A.K., Saxena, C., Shekhar Nautiyal,K.V., Shilipi Mittal, A.K., Tripathi, A. and Johri B.N. (2005). Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Journal Current Science. 89: 136-150.
Tohidimoghadam, H. B., Ghousgchi, F., Zakeri, A. and Hadi, H. (2008). Evaluation of Azospirillum, Azotobacter with nitrogen chemical fertilizer utilization on yield of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agriculture and Science. 5: 1-7.
Tohidimogaddam, H. B., Sani, M., Sharifi, M. and Ghoshchi, F.(2008). Effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on some quantitative characteristics of soybean from perspective of sustainable agriculture. Crop Science Congress Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan.
Wu, S.C., Cao, Z. H., Li, Z.G., Cheung, K.C. and Wong M.H. (2005). Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth. Greenhouse Geoderma. 125: 155-166.
Yasari, E. and Patwardhan, A.M. (2007). Effect of Aztobacter and Azospirillum inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of canola Asian. Journal Plant Science. 6(1): 77-82.
Yousefpoor, Z. and Yadavi, A.R. (2013). Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 24(1): 2014, 95-112.
Zaied, K.A., Abd El-Hady, A. H., Afify Aida, H. and Nassef, M.A. (2003). Yield and nitrogen assimilation of winter wheat inoculated with new recombinant inoculants of rhizobacteria. Pakistan. Journal of Biological Sciences. 6(4): 344-358.
Zomorodi, M., Shahsavani, Sh., Firuz Abadi, M. and Naderi, A.A. (2015). The effect of urea fertilizers, ferrous sulfate and vermicompost on growth characteristics and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Dargaz in the city. Agroecology. 7(3): 285-298.
