اثر محلول‌پاشی آهن، بور و سلنیوم بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک ریشه و محتوای رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی گیاه دارویی استویا (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) تحت تنش شوری کلرید سدیمی

محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک

مهدی عقیقی شاهوردی ¹ , حشمت امیدی ² , سید جلال طباطبایی ³

1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران.
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/01/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/07/01

کلید واژه: کلروفیل, وزن خشک ریشه, استویا, کاروتنوئیدها, حجم ریشه,

چکیده مقاله :

تنش شوری از جمله عوامل محدود کننده رشد گیاهان و یکی از موانع مهم در عدم جذب عناصر غذایی توسط گیاه می باشد. به همین منظور آزمایش گلدانی در فضای محیطی، به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آزمایشی کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار برای ارزیابی اثر محلول پاشی عناصر آهن (سکوسترن 138 با غلظت 5 در هزار)، بور (اسید بوریک با غلظت 5 در هزار) و سلنیوم (سلنیت سدیم با غلظت 2 در هزار) تحت شرایط شوری کلرید سدیمی بر خصوصیات رشدی ریشه و محتوای رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی گیاه استویا انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل سطوح مختلف کلرید سدیم (صفر، 3، 6 و9 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و محلول پاشی ترکیبات عناصر در هشت سطح (عدم محلول پاشی، آهن، بر، سلنیوم، آهن+سلنیوم، آهن+بر، سلنیوم+بر و آهن+ سلنیوم+ بر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزیش سطح شوری کاهش معنی دار در میانگین وزن خشک ریشه، حجم، طول، سطح، قطر و چگالی ریشه، درصد خشک ریشه به حجم خاک و میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل مشاهده گردید. در بین ترکیب های مختلف محلول پاشی، استفاده توأم از سه عنصر آهن، بور و سلنیوم بالاترین میانگین صفات وزن تر و خشک ریشه، حجم، طول، سطح و چگالی ریشه را داشت که تفاوت معنادار آماری با بقیه سطوح تیماری نشان داد. محلول پاشی توأم هر سه عنصر در مقایسه با عدم محلول پاشی باعث افزایش میانگین وزن خشک، حجم، طول و سطح ریشه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. بیشترین میانگین معنادار آماری صفات کلروفیل b و مجموع کلروفیل کل در محلول پاشی عنصر آهن در سطح بدون تنش و ترکیب آهن و سلنیوم در سطح شوری سه دسی زیمنس بر متر بود. به‌طورکلی کاهش رشد ریشه و کاهش محتوای کلروفیل برگ (به خصوص کلروفیل a) در اثر تنش شوری رخ داد و مجموع این عوامل، موجب افت رشد گیاه در سطوح بالاتر شوری (6 و 9 دسی زیمنس بر متر) گردید. بر اساس پژوهش حاضر به منظور کاهش اثرات منفی تنش شوری به خصوص در سطوح پایین تر (3 و 6 دسی زیمنس بر متر) محلول پاشی با عناصر آهن و سلنیوم که باعث افزایش میزان کلروفیل گیاه و بهبود رشد ریشه می گردند، توصیه می گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

     Salt stress is one of the factors limiting plant growth and a major obnstacles for nutrient uptake in plants.  A factorial experiment with pots in the open air was implemented based on a completely randomized design with three replications to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron (Fe: Sequestrene 138 at a concentration of 5 per thousand), boron (B: Boric acid at a concentration of 5 per thousand), and selenium (Se: Sodium selenite at a concentration of 2 per thousand) under NaCl salinity on root growth characteristics and the photosynthetic pigmentscontent of Stevia plant.  The experiment factors included different levels of sodium chloride (0, 3, 6, and 9 dS m-1) and spraying composition at eight levels (no spraying, Fe, B, Se, Fe + Se, Fe + B, Se + B, and Fe + Se + B). Results showed that salinity caused significant reduction in root dry weight, volume, length, diameter and density of root, percentage of dry weight to soil volume ratio, and chlorophyll a, b, and total. Among the various combinations of spraying, combined application of Fe, B, and Se had the highest mean dry weight, volume, length, area, and density of the root. The highest significant mean chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were observed in spraying solution containing Fe at the non-stress level, and the combination of Fe and Se at 3 dS m-1 level of salinity. In general, decrease in root growth and leaf chlorophyll content (especially chlorophyll a) occurred under salt stress and generally, these factors led to the loss of plant growth at higher salinity levels (6 and 9 dS m-1). In order to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress, especially at lower levels (3 and 6 dS m-1), using Fe and Se elements are recommended to increase the chlorophyll content of the plant and improve root growth.

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