استخراج و اندازه‌گیری حشره‌کش‌های بنزوئیل‌اوره در برخی میوه‌ها به‌روش میکرواستخراج فاز مایع پخشی و کروماتوگرافی‌مایع با کارایی بالا
محورهای موضوعی :
علوم و صنایع غذایی
جلیل خندقی
1
(استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد سراب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، سراب، ایران)
محمدرضا افشار مقدم
2
(استادیار مرکز ایمنی غذا و دارو، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران/
استاد یار مرکز آنالیز دارویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز،)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/07/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/29
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/01/01
کلید واژه:
میوه,
کچرز,
میکرواستخراج مایع-مایع پخشی,
بنزوئیل‌اوره,
کروماتوگرافی‌مایع با کارایی بالا,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بهبود کیفیت و افزایش زمان ماندگاری محصولات کشاورزی از آفت‌کش های مختلف به‌طور گسترده ای در آن‌ها استفاده می‌شود. اگرچه استفاده از این سموم دارای فواید زیادی هستند ولی استفاده بیش از حد این مواد منجر به تجمع آن‌ها در خاک، آب های سطحی و مواد غذایی می شود. بنابراین آنالیز باقی‌مانده این سموم در مواد غذایی برای حفظ سلامت مصرف‌کنندگان از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در این کار پژوهشی روش تلفیق‌شده کچرز بر اساس مایعات اتکتیک عمیق و میکرواستخراج مایع-مایع پخشی برای استخراج برخی از حشره‌کش‌های بنزوئیل‌اوره شامل هگزافلومرون، کلرفلوازرون، فلوفنوکسرون، دیافنتیورون و دی‌فلوبنزرون از نمونه‌های میوه انگور، سیب، آلبالو، زردآلو و پرتقال و سپس آنالیز آن‌ها با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی‌مایع با کارایی بالا مجهز به شناساگر آرایه دیودی ارائه شده است. طبق نتایج حاصله روش پیشنهادی ساده، قابل‌اعتماد، ارزان، با مصرف حلال‌های آلی کم و دارای زمان آنالیز کوتاه است و مقادیر مطلوبی برای راندمان استخراج به‌دست می‌دهد به‌طوری‌که تحت شرایط بهینه حد تشخیص و کمی بودن در بازه ۳/۳- ۵/۶ و 2/11- ۲/۲۲ نانوگرم در میلی‌لیتر به‌دست آمد. همچنین راندمان استخراج و فاکتورهای تغلیظ در بازه 52-88 درصد به‌دست آمد. در نمونه‌های حقیقی فقط آفت‌کش فلوفنوکسرون در یک نمونه انگور در غلظت 5/0±17 نانوگرم بر میلی‌لیتر اندازه‌گیری شد TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //
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چکیده انگلیسی:
To improve the quality and increase the shelf life of agricultural products, many pesticides are widely used. Although the use of pesticides in agricultural applications provides a wide range of beneficial effects, overuse of these substances results in their accumulation in soil, surface water, and foods. The analysis of pesticide residues is thus very important for the health of consumers. In this study, a combined extraction method of QuEChERS based on deep eutectic solvents and DLLME method for the extraction of Hexaflumuron, Chlorfluazuron, Flufenoxuron, Diafenthiuron, and Diflubenzuron benzoylurea pesticides from fruit samples of grape, apple, cherry, apricot, and orange and then analyzing them using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector is presented. According to the results, the proposed method is simple, reliable, and inexpensive with low organic solvent consumption and has a short analysis time, and indicates good values extraction efficiency, so that under optimal conditions, limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the range of 3.3-6.5 and 11.2-22.2 ng/ml, respectively. Recovery rates and enhancement factors ranged from 52% to 88%. In actual samples, only Flufenoxuron insecticide present in one grape sample was detected at 17 0.5 ng/ml. TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //
TRANSLATE with x
English
Arabic
Hebrew
Polish
Bulgarian
Hindi
Portuguese
Catalan
Hmong Daw
Romanian
Chinese Simplified
Hungarian
Russian
Chinese Traditional
Indonesian
Slovak
Czech
Italian
Slovenian
Danish
Japanese
Spanish
Dutch
Klingon
Swedish
English
Korean
Thai
Estonian
Latvian
Turkish
Finnish
Lithuanian
Ukrainian
French
Malay
Urdu
German
Maltese
Vietnamese
Greek
Norwegian
Welsh
Haitian Creole
Persian
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منابع و مأخذ:
· Amini, R., Khandaghi, J. and Afshar mogaddam, M.R. (2018). Combination of vortex-assisted liquid–liquid extraction and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned doogh samples. Food Analytical Methods, 11(11): 3267–3275.
· Baig, S.A., Akhtera, N.A., Ashfaq, M. and Asi, M.R. (2009). Determination of the organophosphorus pesticide in vegetables by high-performance liquid chromatography. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(5): 513-519.
· Berrada, H., Font, G. and Moltó, J.C. (2000). Indirect analysis of urea herbicides from environmental water using solid-phase microextraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 890(2): 303-312.
· Bhanti, M., and Taneja, A. (2007). Contamination of vegetables of different seasons with organophosphorous pesticides and related health risk assessment in northern India. Chemosphere, 69(1): 63-68.
· Bidari, A., Ganjali, M.R., Norouzi, P., Hosseini, M.R.M. and Assadi, Y. (2011). Sample Preparation method for the analysis of some organophosphorus pesticides residues in tomato by ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Food Chemistry, 126(4): 1840-1844.
· Chandran, S. and Singh, R. (2007). Comparison of various international guidelines for analytical method validation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 62(1): 4-14.
· ECD (European Commission Decision), implementing Council Directive 657/EC. 2002. Concerning the performance of analytical methods.
· Emami, A., Rastegar, H., Amirahmadi, M., Shoeibi, S. and Mousavi, Z. (2015). Multi-residue analysis of pesticides in pistachio using gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 8(2): 1174-1181.
· EU Pesticides database. Pesticide EU-MRLs/Regulation EC No.396. 2005. http://ec.europa.eu/sanco-pesticides.
· Farajzadeh, M.A., AfsharMogaddam, M.R. and Alizadeh Nabil, A.A. (2015). Polyol-enhanced dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorous detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous samples, fruit juices, and vegetables. Journal of Separation Science, 38(23): 4086–4094.
· Gilden, R.C., Huffling, K. and Sattler, B. (2010). Pesticides and health risks. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 39(1): 103–110.
· Jalili, V., Barkhordari, A. and Ghiasvand, A. (2020). New extraction media in microextraction techniques, A review of reviews. Microchemical Journal, 153: 104386.
· Jeddy, M. and Khandaghi, J. (2019). Detection and quantification of phytosterols in yogurt using gas chromatography. Journal of Food Hygiene, 9(1): 59-71. [In persian]
· Ledirac, N., Delescluse, C., Lesca, P., Piechocki, M. P. and Rahmani, R. (2000). Benzoyl-urea insecticide is a potent inhibitor of TCDD-induced CYP1A1 expression in hepG2 cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 164(3): 273-279.
· Mei, M., Huang, X., Liao, K. and Yu, D. (2015). Sensitive monitoring of benzoylurea insecticides in water and juice samples treated with multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatographic analysis, Analytica Chimica Acta, 860: 29-36.
· Mitra, S. (2003). Sample preparation techniques in analytical chemistry, New Jersey, John Wiley.
· Mousavi, L., Tamiji, Z. and Khoshayand, M.R. (2018). Applications and opportunities of experimental design for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method – A review. Talanta, 190: 335-356.
· Pil-Bala, B., Khandaghi J. and Afshar Mogaddam, M.R. (2019). Analysis of endocrine-disrupting compounds from cheese samples using pressurized liquid extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Analytical Methods, 12(7): 1604–1611.
· Psillakis, E. and Kalogerakis, N. (2003). Developments in liquid‒phase microextraction. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(9): 565–574.
· Saad Louy, F. and Khandaghi, J. (2018). Identification and quantification of fatty acids in edible and confectionary oils in Tabriz by gas chromatography. Journal of Food Hygiene, 8(2): 45-54. [In Persian]
· Sajid, M. and Alhooshani K. (2018). Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based binary extraction techniques prior to chromatographic analysis: A review. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 108: 167-182.
· Saraji, M. (2005). Dynamic headspace liquid‒phase microextraction of alcohols. Journal of Chromatography A, 1062(1): 15‒21.
· Umesh, D.P., Chetan, M.Z., Jitendra, D.B., Santosh, G.T. and Ratnamala, S.B. (2012). Hybrid molecules of carvacrol and benzoyl urea/thiourea with potential applications in agriculture and medicine. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 22(17): 5550-5554.
· Vanderhoff, G.R. and Van Zoonen, P. (1999). Trace analysis of pesticides by gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 843(1-2): 301–322.
· Xinya, L., Mengyuan, C., Zilin, M., Heng, Q. and Wenfeng, Z. (2020). Extraction of benzoylurea pesticides from tea and fruit juices using deep eutectic solvents. Journal of Chromatography B, 1140: 121995.
· Yang, M., Zhang, P., Hu, L. and Runhua, C. (2014). Ionic liquid-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of benzoylurea insecticide in fruit juice. Journal of Chromatography A, 1360: 47-56.
· Zhang, J., Li, M., Yang, M., Peng, B., Li, Y., Zhou, W., et al., (2012). Magnetic retrieval of ionic liquids: Fast dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of benzoylurea insecticides in environmental water samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1254: 23-29.
· Zhong, Z., Li, G., Luo, Z. and Zhu, B. (2019). Microwave-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupling to solidification of floating organic droplet for colorants analysis in selected cosmetics by liquid chromatography. Talanta, 1941: 46-54.
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· Amini, R., Khandaghi, J. and Afshar mogaddam, M.R. (2018). Combination of vortex-assisted liquid–liquid extraction and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned doogh samples. Food Analytical Methods, 11(11): 3267–3275.
· Baig, S.A., Akhtera, N.A., Ashfaq, M. and Asi, M.R. (2009). Determination of the organophosphorus pesticide in vegetables by high-performance liquid chromatography. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(5): 513-519.
· Berrada, H., Font, G. and Moltó, J.C. (2000). Indirect analysis of urea herbicides from environmental water using solid-phase microextraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 890(2): 303-312.
· Bhanti, M., and Taneja, A. (2007). Contamination of vegetables of different seasons with organophosphorous pesticides and related health risk assessment in northern India. Chemosphere, 69(1): 63-68.
· Bidari, A., Ganjali, M.R., Norouzi, P., Hosseini, M.R.M. and Assadi, Y. (2011). Sample Preparation method for the analysis of some organophosphorus pesticides residues in tomato by ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Food Chemistry, 126(4): 1840-1844.
· Chandran, S. and Singh, R. (2007). Comparison of various international guidelines for analytical method validation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 62(1): 4-14.
· ECD (European Commission Decision), implementing Council Directive 657/EC. 2002. Concerning the performance of analytical methods.
· Emami, A., Rastegar, H., Amirahmadi, M., Shoeibi, S. and Mousavi, Z. (2015). Multi-residue analysis of pesticides in pistachio using gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 8(2): 1174-1181.
· EU Pesticides database. Pesticide EU-MRLs/Regulation EC No.396. 2005. http://ec.europa.eu/sanco-pesticides.
· Farajzadeh, M.A., AfsharMogaddam, M.R. and Alizadeh Nabil, A.A. (2015). Polyol-enhanced dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorous detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous samples, fruit juices, and vegetables. Journal of Separation Science, 38(23): 4086–4094.
· Gilden, R.C., Huffling, K. and Sattler, B. (2010). Pesticides and health risks. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 39(1): 103–110.
· Jalili, V., Barkhordari, A. and Ghiasvand, A. (2020). New extraction media in microextraction techniques, A review of reviews. Microchemical Journal, 153: 104386.
· Jeddy, M. and Khandaghi, J. (2019). Detection and quantification of phytosterols in yogurt using gas chromatography. Journal of Food Hygiene, 9(1): 59-71. [In persian]
· Ledirac, N., Delescluse, C., Lesca, P., Piechocki, M. P. and Rahmani, R. (2000). Benzoyl-urea insecticide is a potent inhibitor of TCDD-induced CYP1A1 expression in hepG2 cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 164(3): 273-279.
· Mei, M., Huang, X., Liao, K. and Yu, D. (2015). Sensitive monitoring of benzoylurea insecticides in water and juice samples treated with multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatographic analysis, Analytica Chimica Acta, 860: 29-36.
· Mitra, S. (2003). Sample preparation techniques in analytical chemistry, New Jersey, John Wiley.
· Mousavi, L., Tamiji, Z. and Khoshayand, M.R. (2018). Applications and opportunities of experimental design for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method – A review. Talanta, 190: 335-356.
· Pil-Bala, B., Khandaghi J. and Afshar Mogaddam, M.R. (2019). Analysis of endocrine-disrupting compounds from cheese samples using pressurized liquid extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Analytical Methods, 12(7): 1604–1611.
· Psillakis, E. and Kalogerakis, N. (2003). Developments in liquid‒phase microextraction. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(9): 565–574.
· Saad Louy, F. and Khandaghi, J. (2018). Identification and quantification of fatty acids in edible and confectionary oils in Tabriz by gas chromatography. Journal of Food Hygiene, 8(2): 45-54. [In Persian]
· Sajid, M. and Alhooshani K. (2018). Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based binary extraction techniques prior to chromatographic analysis: A review. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 108: 167-182.
· Saraji, M. (2005). Dynamic headspace liquid‒phase microextraction of alcohols. Journal of Chromatography A, 1062(1): 15‒21.
· Umesh, D.P., Chetan, M.Z., Jitendra, D.B., Santosh, G.T. and Ratnamala, S.B. (2012). Hybrid molecules of carvacrol and benzoyl urea/thiourea with potential applications in agriculture and medicine. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 22(17): 5550-5554.
· Vanderhoff, G.R. and Van Zoonen, P. (1999). Trace analysis of pesticides by gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 843(1-2): 301–322.
· Xinya, L., Mengyuan, C., Zilin, M., Heng, Q. and Wenfeng, Z. (2020). Extraction of benzoylurea pesticides from tea and fruit juices using deep eutectic solvents. Journal of Chromatography B, 1140: 121995.
· Yang, M., Zhang, P., Hu, L. and Runhua, C. (2014). Ionic liquid-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of benzoylurea insecticide in fruit juice. Journal of Chromatography A, 1360: 47-56.
· Zhang, J., Li, M., Yang, M., Peng, B., Li, Y., Zhou, W., et al., (2012). Magnetic retrieval of ionic liquids: Fast dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of benzoylurea insecticides in environmental water samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1254: 23-29.
· Zhong, Z., Li, G., Luo, Z. and Zhu, B. (2019). Microwave-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupling to solidification of floating organic droplet for colorants analysis in selected cosmetics by liquid chromatography. Talanta, 1941: 46-54.
