The Dual Meaning Potential of Prepositional Grammatical Metaphor in Prose Fiction
محورهای موضوعی : English Language Teaching (ELT)
1 - Department of English, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
کلید واژه: grammatical metaphor, Systemic Functional Linguistics, prose fiction, prepositional grammatical metaphor, advanced reading and writing instruction,
چکیده مقاله :
From a Systemic Functional perspective, Grammatical Metaphor (GM) as is taken to be a chief driving force in the discourse of different genres, an important adult language machinery for ideational meanings to be semantically cross-mapped and realized through a different form in the stratum of the lexico-grammar, in order to convey changed meanings and tinker with the discursive flow and development of text in real time, mainly through nominalization of adjectives and verbs. Using a number of established works of the English novel as data, this study draws upon the author’s previous model for the categories of GM used in modern prose fiction, with the main focus placed on one of the six categories, Prepositional GM (PGM). PGM figures with a very high frequency in fiction and occurs when a GM is preceded by a preposition. This study finds that the language of prose fiction in English deploys some of these PGMsin either of two different meaning sof the adverbial, varying according to context. Again, as seen to be the hallmark of GM by many, GM is found to open up vast ideational meaning potentials in the semantics stratum, from which the lexico-grammar makes choices according to context and intended meaning. As argued elsewhere in the literature and here, and as backed up by the author’s own experience of the advanced teaching of writing and reading, broadened understanding of GM is a critically important component to writing instruction and its effectiveness, as seen in the large-scale horizons and agendas for effective teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Iran and beyond.
از نگاه نحوی کاربردی زبانشناسی هالیدی، استعاره گرامری نقشی مهم و اساسی درمتن و کلام ژانرهای مختلف ایفا میکند و باعث میشود که معانی اندیشه ای از جایگاه اصلی معنایی خود حرکت کنند و با هم عوض شوند، به طوری که در جمله واقعی به شکل ظاهری دیگری ظاهر میشوند، تا معانی دیگری را بتوانند بیان کنند و با جریان کلام در لحظه استفاده زبان بازی کنند. یکی از اصلی ترین نمودهای این فرایند متنی تبدیل فعل و صفت به اسم است. با استفاده از بعضی جملات استفاده شده در رمانهای مشهور انگلیسی، هم کلاسیک و هم مدرن، این مطالعه از یکی از مدلهای قبلی پژوهشگر در مورد گروه بندیهای استعاره گرامری در رمان انگلیسی استفاده میکند تا روی یکی از این انواع، استعاره گرامری حرف اضافه ای، تمرکز کند. نتیجه تحلیل کلام این یافته است که بعضی از این نوع استعاره های گرامری ابهام معنایی دارند و باید به دو نوع کاملاً متفاوت، بر اساس بستر استفاده، تعبیر شوند. استعاره گرامری، به باور بسیاری از محققان، پتانسیل معنایی وسیعی را ایجاد میکند که لایه اصلی گرامری-معنایی، یعنی جمله نهایی متن، از آن بهره بردای متفاوتی بر اساس معنای مد نظر و پیش زمینه متنی دارد. همانطور که هم اینجا و هم در منابع دیگر ذکر میشود و هم تدریس خواندن و نوشتن پیشرفته محقق نشان میدهد، فهم گسترده تر از استعاره گرامری جزوی مهم و حیاتی در تدریس مهارت نوشتاری و موثر بودن آن است.
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