تغییرات شاخص‌های رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) تحت تاثیر تاریخ و شیوه کاشت در اهواز

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مهرنوش گلابی ¹ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
شهرام لک ² (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
عبدالعلی گیلانی ³ (1-گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران، 2- بخش اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. اهواز، ایران.)
مجتبی علوی فاضل ⁴ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
اصلان اگدرنژاد ⁵ (گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/02/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/04/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01

کلید واژه:

چکیده مقاله :

مهم‌ترین مؤلفه سازگار با تنوع اقلیمی در زراعت، تاریخ کاشت است که بیشترین تأثیر را بر خصوصیات فنولوژیکی گیاه دارد و بر اساس رقم و آب و هوای هر منطقه تعیین می گردد. به همین منظور، این تحقیق با هدف تعیین امکان کاشت نشایی ارقام مختلف کینوا در تاریخ کاشت های مختلف در شرایط آب و هوایی اهواز انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1398-1397 و 1399-1398 اجرا گردید. تاریخ کاشت به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در چهار سطح (30 مهر، 10 ، 20 و 30 آبان ماه)، روش کاشت (نشاکاری و مستقیم) به عنوان عامل فرعی و ارقام کینوا (Giza1، Q26 و Titicaca) به عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تأخیر در تاریخ کاشت موجب کاهش شاخص های رشدی (22، 39 و 26 درصد به ترتیب شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک و سرعت رشد محصول)، روز تا گلدهی (21 درصد) و اجزای عملکرد دانه شامل تعداد پانیکول در بوته (42 درصد)، تعداد دانه در پانیکول(26 درصد) و وزن هزار دانه (21 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (63 درصد) و شاخص برداشت (54 درصد) در کینوا شد. بالاترین مقدار این صفات مربوط به تاریخ کاشت 30 مهر بود و کاشت نشایی در تاریخ کاشت های زود هنگام نسبت به کاشت مستقیم بذر ضعیف‌تر، ولی در تاریخ کاشت تاخیری بهتر از کشت مستقیم بوده و موجب کاهش تاثیرات منفی کشت تاخیری شد. در بین ارقام مورد مطالعه رقم Q26 از نظر مؤلفه های آنالیز رشد شامل شاخص سطح برگ (4.87)، ماده خشک (637.2 گرم در مترمربع) و سرعت رشد محصول (18.58 گرم در مترمربع در روز) و اجزای عملکرد شامل تعداد پانیکول در بوته (9.72) و وزن هزار دانه (4.81 گرم) و عملکرد دانه (1813 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بالاتر از دو رقم دیگر بود. بالاترین عملکرد دانه (3058 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به رقم Q26 در تاریخ کاشت 30 مهر و کاشت به‌صورت مستقیم (3148 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین آن (769 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به رقم Titicaca در تاریخ کاشت 20 و 30 آبان بود. به‌طورکلی، مشاهده شد که تاریخ کاشت اوایل پاییز به علت طولانی‌تر بودن دوره رشد و همچنین اجتناب از گرمای انتهای فصل، مناسب کشت ارقام مختلف کینوا در خوزستان بوده و نشاکاری در این تاریخ کاشت ها از نظر عملکرد نسبت به کشت بذر مزیت چندانی نداشت، ولی در تاریخ کاشت های تاخیری موجب کاهش تاثیرات منفی گردید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The most important component compatible with climatic diversity in agriculture is the planting date, which has the greatest impact on the phenological characteristics of the plant. Planting date is determined based on cultivar and climate of each region. In order this study was conducted to investigate the effect of seed and transplanting method on yield and yield components of quinoa cultivars in different planting dates in Ahvaz climatic conditions. The experiment as a split split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications in crop years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Planting date was taken as the main factor in four levels (22 October, 1 November, 11 November and 21 November) and sub factor including planting method (transplanting and seed planting) and sub-sub factor also Quinoa cultivars (Giza1, Q26 and Titicaca). The results showed that delay in planting date reduced growth index (22, 39 and 26% LAI, DM and CGR recpectively), days to flowering (21%) and grain yield components (number of panicles per plant (42%), number grain per panicle (26%) and 1000-grain weight (21%)), grain yield (63%) and harvest index (54%) in quinoa. The highest value of these traits was related to the date of first sowing (October 22) and it was also found that transplanting in early sowing date is weaker than seed sowing but in late sowing date is better than seed sowing and reduces the negative effects of late sowing. Among the studied cultivars, Q26 cultivar was more acceptable in terms of growth rate (LAI (4.87), DMT (637.3 g. m-2), CGR (18.58 g. m-2.day) and yield components (number of panicles per plant (9.72) and 1000-grain weight (4.81 g)) and grain yield (1813 kg. h-1) than the other two cultivars. The highest grain yield (3058 kg.ha-1) belonged to Q26 cultivar on 30 October planting and 22 October planting and seed sowing (3148 kg.ha-1) and the lowest grain yield (769 kg.ha-1) belonged to Titicaca cultivar on 11 and 21 November planting. In general, it was observed that the sowing date in early autumn was suitable for planting different cultivars of quinoa in Khuzestan province due to the longer growing season and Transplantation at this date of sowing did not have much advantage in terms of yield compared to seed sowing, but in the date of delayed sowing reduces the negative effects.

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