تأثیر تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا بر جذب عناصر غذایی و اجزای اسانس گیاه بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica L) تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
قباد سلیمی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد و عضو هیات علمی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
محمد فیضیان
2
(استادیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران)
ناصر علی‌اصغر‌زاد
3
(استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: ژرانیول, حداکثر تخلیه مجاز, ژرانیال استات, کروماتوگرافی گازی–طیف سنجی جرمی,
چکیده مقاله :
جذب عناصر غذایی و ترکیب اجزای اسانس گیاه تحت تأثیر ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﻲ قرار می گیرد. به منظور بررسی اجزای اسانس گیاه بادرشبو در پاسخ به تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح تنش خشکی بر اساس حداکثر تخلیه مجاز (MAD) (بدون تنش آبیاری کامل در حد ظرفیت مزرعه، 5/0 و 75/0 MAD) و دو سطح عدم تلقیح و تلقیح با قارچ (Glumus verciforme) بودند. اجزای اسانس از طریق کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی گازی-طیف‌سنجی جرمی (GC/MS) شناسایی شدند. حدود 36 ترکیب در گیاه بادرشبو در تلقیح با میکوریزا تحت تنش خشکی شناسایی شد که 13 ترکیب، درصد بالاتری نسبت به بقیه ترکیبات دارا بودند. ترکیبات ژرانیال (3/18 درصد)، ژرانیول (98/30 درصد)، ژرانیل استات (78/26درصد) و نرال (94/11 درصد) بخش عمده اسانس را تشکیل می‌دادند. اعمال تنش خشکی و تلقیح با قارچ سبب افزایش درصد اجزای اصلی اسانس شد. اما میزان اسانس با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی تا 50/0 MAD کاهش یافت. بالاترین درصد اسانس (24/1 درصد) در تیمار تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش 75/0 MAD به دست آمد. تنش خشکی سبب کاهش میزان عناصر پرمصرف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در گیاه گردید. تلقیح گیاه با قارچ میکوریزا، میزان عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم را افزایش داد. بالاترین میزان پتاسیم در شرایط بدون تنش خشکی و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا بود. به طورکلی، تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش خشکی باعث افزایش درصد عناصر غذایی و افزایش درصد اسانس در گیاه بادرشبو شد.
To study essential oil components of Dracocephalum moldavica in response to mycorrhiza fungus inoculation under drought stress condition, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was carried out under greenhouse condition. The factors of the experiment were three levels of drought stresses [control, 0.75 maximum allowable depletion (MAD) and 0.5 MAD] and inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi in two levels (no mycorrhiza inoculation as control and Glomus verciforme inoculation). Essential oil components were recognized via gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC/MS). The result showed that about 36 components in D. moldavica were identified through inoculation with mycorrhiza under drought stress. Concentration of 13 compounds of these were higher than the rest. Compositions of geranial (18.3%), geraniol (30.98%), geranyl acetate (26.78%) and neral (11.94%) had high quantities in essential oil. Drought stress and mycorrhiza inoculation increased the percentage of major essential oil components. The highest essential oil percentage (1.24%) was obtained by mycorrhiza inoculation treatment and drought stress at 0.75 MAD. Drought stress reduced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, while mycorrhiza inoculation increased their uptake. The highest uptake of potassium was in non-stress and mycorrhiza inoculation conditions. It can be concluded that mycorrhiza inoculation under drought stress increased the uptake of nutrients and essential oil composition of dragonhead.
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_||_· Abaaszadeh, P., A. Sharifi, H. Lebaschi, and F. Moghadasi. 2007. Effect of drought stress on proline, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and RWC level in (Melissa oggicinalis). Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 23(4): 504-513.
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· Alguacil, M., F. Caravaca, G. Díaz, P. Marín, and A. Roldán. 2004. Establishment of (Retama sphaerocarpa L.) seedlings on a degraded semiarid soil as influenced by mycorrhiza inoculation and sewage sludge amendment. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 167(5): 637-644.
· Aliabadi Farahani, H., and S.A.R. Valadabadi. 2010. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Water, Soil Science. 24 (1): 69-80. (In Persian).
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· Ali-ehyaeie, M., and A.A. Behbahanizade. 1993. Description of soil chemical decomposition methods. Technical Journal (Soil and Water Research). No. 893: 129. Institute Publications, Tehran.
· Allen, R.G., L.S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Irrigation and drainage paper No. 56. (FAO: Rome). Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements.
· Amiri, R., A. Nikbakht, N. Etemadi, and M.R. Sabzalian. 2017. Nutritional status, essential oil changes and water-use efficiency of rose geranium in response to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and water deficiency stress. Symbiosis. 73(1): 15-25.
· Andalibi, B., and F. Nouri. 2014. Effect of cycocel on photosynthetic activity and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 6(22): 91-104. (In Persian).
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· Aprotosoaie, A.C., C.T. Mihai, G. Vochita, P. Rotinberg, A. Trifan, S.V. Luca, T. Petreus, E. Gille, and A. Miron. 2016. Anti-genotoxic and antioxidant activities of a polyphenolic extract from European (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Industrial Crops and Products. 79: 248-257.
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· Baher, Z.F., M. Mirza, M. Ghorbanli, and M. Bagher Rezaii. 2002. The influence of water stress on plant height, herbal and essential oil yield and composition in (Satureja hortensis L.). Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 17(4): 275-277.
· Bahreininejad, B., J. Razmjoo, and M. Mirza. 2014. Effect of water stress on productivity and essential oil content and composition of (Thymus carmanicus). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 17(5): 717-725.
· Barea, J.M., M.J. Pozo, R. Azcon, and C. Azcon-Aguilar. 2005. Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere. Journal of experimental Botany. 56(417): 1761-1778.
· Bettaieb, I., N. Zakhama, W.A. Wannes, M.E. Kchouk, and B. Marzouk. 2009. Water deficit effects on Salvia officinal is fatty acids and essential oils composition. Scientia Horticulturae. 120(2): 271-275.
· Brundrett, M.C. 2002. Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. New phytologist. 154(2): 275-304.
· Das, A., S. Kamal, N.A. Shakil, I. Sherameti, R. Oelmüller, M. Dua, N. Tuteja, A.K. Johri, and A. Varma. 2012. The root endophyte fungus (Piriformospora indica) leads to early flowering, higher biomass and altered secondary metabolites of the medicinal plant, Coleus forskohlii. Plant Signaling and Behavior. 7(1): 103-112.
· Dastmalchi, K., H.D. Dorman, M. Koşar, and R. Hiltunen. 2007. Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of a water-soluble Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) extract LWT. Food Science and Technology. 40(2): 239-248.
· Fadaee, E., Y. Parvizi, M. Gerdakane, and M. Khan-Ahmadi. 2018. The effects of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) and (Glomus intraradiceae) and phosphorus on growth and phytochemical traits of (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under drought stress. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2(66): 100-112.
· Franken, P. 2012. The plant strengthening root endophyte (Piriformospora indica). potential application and the biology behind. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 96(6): 1455-1464.
· Ghanta, R., S. Dutta, and R. Mukhopadhyay. 2013. Investigation on arbuscular mycorrhiza alliances in some threatened medicinal herbs of Burdwan district, West Bengal, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 7(7): 315-323.
· Ghilavizadeh, A., M.T. Darzi, and M.H.S. Hadi. 2013. Effects of bio fertilizer and plant density on essential oil content and yield traits of Ajowan (Carum copticum). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 14(11): 1508-1512.
· Gogoi, P., and R.K. Singh. 2011. Differential effect of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of (Piper longum L.) (Piperaceae). Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 4(2): 119-125.
· Gupta, M.L., A. Prasad, M. Ram, and S. Kumar. 2002. Effect of the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) on the essential oil yield related characters and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) under field conditions. Bio resource Technology. 81(1): 77-79.
· Hamada, A.M., and A.E. EL-Enany. 1994. Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biologia Plantarum. 36: 75-81.
· Hassani, A. 2006. Effect of water deficit stress on growth, yield and essential oil content of (Dracocephlum moldavica). Iranian Journal of Medicine and Aromatic. 22(3): 256-261. (In Persian).
· Hussein, M.S., S.E. El-Sherbeny, M.Y. Khalil, N.Y. Naguib, and S.M. Aly. 2006. Growth characters and chemical constituents of (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scientia Horticulturae. 108(3): 322-331.
· James, B., D. Rodel, U. Lorettu, E. Reynaldo, and H. Tariq. 2008. Effect of vesicular arboscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40(5): 2217-2224.
· Kapoor, R., B. Giri, and K.G. Mukerji. 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in (Foeniculum vulgare mill) on mycorrhiza inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology. 93(3): 307-311.
· Khalvati, M.A., Y. Hu, A. Mozafar, and U. Schmidhalter. 2005. Quantification of water uptake by arbuscular mycorrhiza hyphae and its significance for leaf growth, water relations, and gas exchange of barley subjected to drought stress. Plant Biology. 7(06): 706-712.
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