تأثیر تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا بر جذب عناصر غذایی و اجزای اسانس گیاه بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica L) تحت تنش خشکی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیقباد سلیمی 1 , محمد فیضیان 2 , ناصر علی‌اصغر‌زاد 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد و عضو هیات علمی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
3 - استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: ژرانیول, حداکثر تخلیه مجاز, ژرانیال استات, کروماتوگرافی گازی–طیف سنجی جرمی,
ملخص المقالة :
جذب عناصر غذایی و ترکیب اجزای اسانس گیاه تحت تأثیر ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﻲ قرار می گیرد. به منظور بررسی اجزای اسانس گیاه بادرشبو در پاسخ به تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح تنش خشکی بر اساس حداکثر تخلیه مجاز (MAD) (بدون تنش آبیاری کامل در حد ظرفیت مزرعه، 5/0 و 75/0 MAD) و دو سطح عدم تلقیح و تلقیح با قارچ (Glumus verciforme) بودند. اجزای اسانس از طریق کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی گازی-طیف‌سنجی جرمی (GC/MS) شناسایی شدند. حدود 36 ترکیب در گیاه بادرشبو در تلقیح با میکوریزا تحت تنش خشکی شناسایی شد که 13 ترکیب، درصد بالاتری نسبت به بقیه ترکیبات دارا بودند. ترکیبات ژرانیال (3/18 درصد)، ژرانیول (98/30 درصد)، ژرانیل استات (78/26درصد) و نرال (94/11 درصد) بخش عمده اسانس را تشکیل می‌دادند. اعمال تنش خشکی و تلقیح با قارچ سبب افزایش درصد اجزای اصلی اسانس شد. اما میزان اسانس با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی تا 50/0 MAD کاهش یافت. بالاترین درصد اسانس (24/1 درصد) در تیمار تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش 75/0 MAD به دست آمد. تنش خشکی سبب کاهش میزان عناصر پرمصرف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در گیاه گردید. تلقیح گیاه با قارچ میکوریزا، میزان عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم را افزایش داد. بالاترین میزان پتاسیم در شرایط بدون تنش خشکی و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا بود. به طورکلی، تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش خشکی باعث افزایش درصد عناصر غذایی و افزایش درصد اسانس در گیاه بادرشبو شد.
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_||_· Abaaszadeh, P., A. Sharifi, H. Lebaschi, and F. Moghadasi. 2007. Effect of drought stress on proline, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and RWC level in (Melissa oggicinalis). Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 23(4): 504-513.
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· Fadaee, E., Y. Parvizi, M. Gerdakane, and M. Khan-Ahmadi. 2018. The effects of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) and (Glomus intraradiceae) and phosphorus on growth and phytochemical traits of (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under drought stress. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2(66): 100-112.
· Franken, P. 2012. The plant strengthening root endophyte (Piriformospora indica). potential application and the biology behind. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 96(6): 1455-1464.
· Ghanta, R., S. Dutta, and R. Mukhopadhyay. 2013. Investigation on arbuscular mycorrhiza alliances in some threatened medicinal herbs of Burdwan district, West Bengal, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 7(7): 315-323.
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· Gogoi, P., and R.K. Singh. 2011. Differential effect of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of (Piper longum L.) (Piperaceae). Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 4(2): 119-125.
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· Hussein, M.S., S.E. El-Sherbeny, M.Y. Khalil, N.Y. Naguib, and S.M. Aly. 2006. Growth characters and chemical constituents of (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scientia Horticulturae. 108(3): 322-331.
· James, B., D. Rodel, U. Lorettu, E. Reynaldo, and H. Tariq. 2008. Effect of vesicular arboscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40(5): 2217-2224.
· Kapoor, R., B. Giri, and K.G. Mukerji. 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in (Foeniculum vulgare mill) on mycorrhiza inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology. 93(3): 307-311.
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· Khorasaninejad, S., A. Mousavi, H. Soltanloo, K. Hemmati, and A. Khalighi. 2011. The effect of drought stress on growth parameters, essential oil yield and constituent of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(22): 5360-5365.
· Lal, R. 2009. Soil degradation as a reason for inadequate human nutrition. Food Security. 1(1): 45-57.
· Mandal, S., H. Evelin, B. Giri, V.P. Singh, and R. Kapoor. 2013. Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhances the production of stevioside and rebaudioside-A in (Stevia rebaudiana) via nutritional and non-nutritional mechanisms. Applied Soil Ecology. 72: 187-194.
· Mikovacki, N., J. Marinkovic, N. Cacic, and D. Bgelic. 2010. Microbial abundance in rhizosphere of sugar beet in dependence of fertilization and inoculation with (Azotobacter chroococcum).ResearchJournalofAgricultural Science. 42(3):260-264.
· Mozhafrian, V. 2003. Dictionary of the Iranian plant names. Contemporary Culture Publications. Tehran. 362 pp. (In Persian).
· Mucciarelli, M., S. Scannerini, C. Bertea, and M. Maffei. 2003. In vitro and in vivo peppermint (Mentha piperita) growth promotion by non-mycorrhiza fungal colonization. New Phytologist. 158(3): 579-591.
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