نقش زنان در ادوار هخامنشی، اشکانی و ساسانی بر اساس سکه‌های بازمانده
محورهای موضوعی : تاریخ و باستان شناسی
عزیزه یوسفی
1
(استادیار، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران.)
حسین علیزاده
2
(استادیار، گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران.)
حسن درخشی
3
(استادیار، گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران.)
کلید واژه: ساسانیان, هخامنشیان, اشکانیان,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه‌ی نقش زنان در ادوار هخامنشی، اشکانی و ساسانی بر اساس سکه‌های بازمانده بود. جامعه‌ی پژوهش شامل منابع مکتوب تاریخی و دیگر آثار مرتبط با موقعیت زنان در سلسله‌های هخامنشی، اشکانی و ساسانی می‌باشد. نمونه پژوهش، سکه‌های برجای مانده از دوره هخامنشی، اشکانی و ساسانی بود. روش پژوهش توصیفی -تحلیلی است. گردآوری اطلاعات به شیوه‌ی کتابخانه‌ای و با استفاده از اسناد، مدارک مکتوب و منابع معتبر انجام گرفت. تحلیل‌داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل‌محتوا صورت‌گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان‌داد که، اگر چه سکه ابزاری جهت مبادلات اقتصادی، نشانه استقلال و معرف ملیت هر قومی است، ولی درعین‌حال سند معتبری است که اطلاعات مفیدی در زمینه‌های اجتماعی، فرهنگی، سیاسی، تاریخ گذشته ملت‌‌ها و جایگاه زنان را ارائه می‌دهد. تصاویر، نام و لقب زنان سلطنتی، تصاویر ایزدبانوان و نمادهای وابسته به آنان که بر روی سکه‌های اشکانی و ساسانی نقش بسته بیان‌گر جایگاه رفیع زن در این ادوار بود. اگرچه الواح هنری به‌جا‌مانده از دوره هخامنشی اطلاعات باارزشی در مورد زنان این عصر به-دست می‌دهد، ولی در سکه‌های این دوره مانند سایر آثار تصویر زن دیده نمی‌شود. زنان دربار هخامنشی، اشکانی و ساسانی به‌عنوان مصداق زنان مقتدر و مدبر و با اراده در عرصه سیاست و اجتماع ایفای نقش کرده‌اند. در کل زنان در این ادوار به پایگاهی برابر پایگاه مردان (پادشاهان)، دست یافته و نام و نمودشان بر روی سکه‌ها ماندگار شده است.
The present research aimed to study the role of women in the Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanid dynasties by examining the coins left over from those periods. The study universe included the written historical references and other related works about the status of women in the Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanid dynasties. The sample subsumed the coins left over from those periods. The research method was descriptive - analytical. To collect data library procedure by using written documents and authentic resources was implemented The data was analyzed via content analysis. The findings showed: while a coin is a tool for economic exchanges, a sign of independence, and the representation of the nationality of each ethnicity but at the same time it is a valid document that indicates the social, cultural, political, and ancient history of nations and provides useful information about the status of women. The images, names and titles of royal women, images of goddesses and related symbols that engraved on Parthian and Sassanid coins, indicated the high position of women in those periods. Although the surviving artworks from the Achaemenid period provide valuable information about the women of this era, but in the coins of this period, like other works, the image of a woman is not seen. Achaemenid, Parthian and Sasanian court women played a role in politics and society as examples of powerful, resourceful and strong-willed women. In general, women in these periods reached a position equal to that of men (kings), and their names and images have been preserved on coins.
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