انطباق الگوریتم حرکتی منظر و نمای شهرها با الگوی رفتاری گل نیلوفر ارغوانی در راستای توسعه پایدار شهری
محورهای موضوعی : توسعه پایدار شهری
زهرا یارمحمودی
1
(گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.)
طاهره نصر
2
(دانشیار شهرسازی، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.)
حامد مضطرزاده
3
(گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.)
کلید واژه: نمای شهری, سایبان متحرک, تحلیل انرژی تابشی, توسعه پایدار شهری, شبیه‌سازی نور روز,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه با پیشرفت تکنولوژی، مصرف انرژی افزایش یافته است. به همین دلیل، شهر هوشمند به عنوان یکی از راه‌حل‌های کنترل مصرف انرژی در شهرسازی مطرح شده است. شهر هوشمند نیازمند ساختمان‌های هوشمند می‌باشد تا بتواند به نیازهای ساکنین پاسخ دهد و کیفیت زندگی را بالا ببرد. یکی از راهکار‌هایی که برای این مسئله تاکنون ارائه شده، بهره‌گیری از سایبان خارجی هوشمند نمای ساختمان برای اقلیم گرم و خشک است. طراحی نماهای هوشمند می‌تواند دارای الگوی حرکتی و فرمی به صورت خاص باشد تا درنهایت یک نمای منحصربه‌فرد از نظر کالبدی و منطبق با محیط پیرامون و نیاز کاربران (عملکردی) طراحی شود. بنابراین، هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراحی سایبان هوشمند نمای ساختمان در اقلیم گرم و خشک یزد در راستای کنترل نور روز است. منبع الهام پژوهش حاضر، الگوی رفتاری گل نیلوفر ارغوانی است که گلبرگ‌های آن با وجود نور در محیط پیرامون، باز و با نبود نور بسته می‌شود. روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، کتابخانه‌ای، اسنادی اینترنتی و میدانی (بررسی الگوی رفتاری گل) است و روش پژوهش به صورت مدل‌سازی-شبیه‌سازی می‌باشد. مدل‌سازی توسط نرم‌افزار راینو6 و افزونه‌ی گرس‌هاپر به صورت پارامتریک، تحلیل انرژی تابشی توسط پلاگین لیدی‌باگ و تحلیل نور روز و دمای فضای داخلی توسط پلاگین هانی‌بی انجام گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و با ماهیت ترکیبی (کمی-کیفی) است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش، حاکی از آن است که استفاده از سایبان هوشمند الهام گرفته شده از الگوی حرکتی گل نیلوفر ارغوانی بر روی نمای ساختمان می‌تواند باعث کاهش 70 درصدی انرژی تابشی جذب شده توسط سطح شفاف نما در حالت سایبان با پنل‌های بسته شود و علاوه بر آن 85 درصد از میزان نفوذ نور روز به فضای داخلی کاسته که همین امر موجب کاهش 13 درصدی دمای فضای داخلی ساختمان می‌شود. بنابراین سایبان نما در فصول گرم سال، میزان ورود نور روز به فضای داخلی ساختمان را کنترل کرده و باعث کاهش بار سرمایش و در نهایت کاهش مصرف انرژی ساختمان می‌شود.
Today, with the advancement of technology, energy consumption has increased. For this reason, the smart city has been proposed as one of the solutions to controlling energy consumption. One of the solutions that have been presented for this problem so far is the use of the kinetic shading device, which is usually used in hot and dry climates where there is more sunlight. The design of smart facades can have a special form and movement pattern so that a unique facade can be designed visually, dynamically, and according to the surrounding environment and the needs of the building users. Therefore, the current research aims to design a kinetic shading device for the building’s facade in the hot and dry climate of Yazd to control daylight. The source of inspiration for the current research is the movement pattern of the Morning Glory, which opens and closes according to daylight. The methods of collecting information are libraries, documents, and the internet, and the research method is modeling-simulation. Parametric modeling is done with Rhino6 software and the Grasshopper plugin; sunlight radiation analysis is done with the Ladybug plugin; and daylight simulation is done with the Honeybee plugin. The research results indicate that the use of the building’s kinetic shading device inspired by the movement pattern of the Morning Glory can reduce 70% of the daylight radiation absorbed by the facade transparent surface in the case of closed panels, and in addition, 85% of the penetration of daylight into the interior space is reduced, which causes a 13% decrease in the thermal zone temperature. Therefore, in the hot seasons, the shading device controls daylight, reduces the cooling load, and ultimately reduces the energy consumption of the building. Extended Abstract Introduction: With the advancement of technology, energy consumption has also increased. This has caused energy consumption management to become the main concern of urban planners. One of the solutions to reduce energy consumption is to design the city smartly. A smart city is a purposeful place to achieve sustainability and, as a result, control energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution. For example, in a hot and dry climate, such as Yazd city, by using an external shading device on a transparent facade, it is possible to control daylight, reduce the sunlight radiation absorbed by the building facade, and finally reduce the internal temperature of the building. And creating thermal comfort for residents and saving energy consumption. A shading device can be used as a roof or for the building facade in an internal, middle, or external way. In general, shading devices are divided into two categories: fixed and kinetic. The fixed one is horizontal, vertical, and slanted, and other types of fixed shading devices are created from the combination of the main shading devices. Fixed shading devices are simpler and more economical in terms of execution. Still, they have lower performance than the kinetic shading device because they do not match the changing conditions of the environment around the building and the sun's path. Kinetic shading devices can be operated manually and automatically, or both, and are divided into active and passive categories. In terms of structure, it can be internal, dynamic, and expandable, and it can be designed using smart materials or mechanically. In this research, the shading device is a type of kinetic exterior one with active folding movement that can be implemented mechanically and is expandable. So, despite climate change and environmental pollution, the need to interact with nature has increased. One of the features that makes the building more connected with the surrounding environment and reduces biological pollution is the use of natural patterns in the design. Because these patterns were able to adapt to the environment and be stable for many years, the design obtained with them is stable. Therefore, the main aim of the current research is to design a climate kinetic shading device for the building facade that is compatible with the sun path diagram in the hot and dry climate and is modeled after the movement behavior of the Morning Glory flower. The Morning Glory is known as Ipomea. This flower is a common species that closes at night and opens again every morning. This is why it is also known as morning glory. The name refers to a thousand types of flowers with similar functions, each with unique characteristics. The Morning Glory is in a bunch of ivies and is usually used to decorate fences and walls. This flower needs to receive sunlight during the day, and if it is in the shade, it becomes impossible to even see the flowers. In addition, it has good shading on its back surface. The plant’s height reaches more than ten feet. The flowers are funnel-shaped and come in purple, white, and pink colors. This flower grows better in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions and closes to protect itself from wind and cold at night and in the absence of sunlight. The plant leaves are heart-shaped and are between 5 and 18 cm long. Therefore, the movement behavior of the flower is completely practical and is done to react to the change in the surrounding environment and to protect itself. The same thing can be repeated for the building facade kinetic shading device design, and by taking inspiration from the flower movement pattern, the climatic shading device can be designed to control daylight, increase thermal comfort, and reduce glare. Methodology: The current research method is modeling and simulation. The theoretical part of the present research (analysis of the Morning Glory flower, the climate of Yazd city, etc.) has been collected from the library, the internet, and documentary data. The modeling part of the facade's kinetic shading device is done by Rhino 6 software and the Grasshopper plugin. The building model consists of a cube with a side length of ten meters, and the shading device is designed on the building's south facade at a distance of half a meter from the facade. The building's southern facade is considered completely transparent. After that, to analyze the findings of the research and achieve the current goals, the Ladybug plugin was used to analyze the daylight radiation absorbed by the transparent surface, and the Honeybee plugin was used to measure the thermal zone temperature and the amount of building interior illumination. Results and discussion: Due to being smart and adaptable, this shading device can solve users' needs in different seasons. In the hot seasons, the shading device panels can be closed, and in the cold seasons, the panels can be placed at an angle that increases the building's interior heat by reflecting daylight into the interior. Therefore, finally, the shading device is designed for the south facade, which is opened and closed by the sensors embedded in the shell and by the sun's movement, and its structural design is modular and is attached to the building facade. The shading device acts as the building's second shell and is responsible for reacting to environmental variables. In such a way that in the cold seasons, it reduces the heating load, and in the hot seasons, it reduces the cooling load, ultimately bringing the user thermal comfort and a reduction in energy consumption. Conclusion: The results indicate that the shading device is open from 7:00 to 10:00, 10:00 to 13:00 in the closed state, and 13:00 to 16:00 in the semi-open state, and it can reduce 70% of the absorption of daylight radiation by the transparent surface; 85% of the building interior lighting is reduced; and finally, it causes a 13% decrease in the thermal zone temperature. Therefore, in the hot seasons, the shading device controls daylight, reduces the cooling load, and ultimately reduces the building’s energy consumption.
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