اثر متقابل تغذیه گیاه و بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی خیار ناشی از Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum

محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی

پروین یونسی ¹ , حسن رضا اعتباریان ² , علی محمد روستایی ³

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تاریخ دریافت : 1392/11/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/03/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/09/01

کلید واژه: nitrogen, Plant nutrition, Fusarium wilt, نیتروژن, cucumber, خیار, بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی, تغذیه گیاه, Potassium nitrate,

چکیده مقاله :

بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) یکی از مهم ترین بیماری های خیار می باشد. شدت بیماری با مدیریت تغذیه گیاه به خصوص میزان نیتروژن می تواند کاهش یابد. در این بررسی اثرات منابع نیتروژن از جمله نیترات پتاسیم و نیترات آمونیوم روی سطح رشدی قارچ F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum در محیط PDA و اثر متقابل تغذیه گیاهی نیتروژن و بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی در برخی ارقام خیار به صورت کشت هیدروپونیک در گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اثرات سطوح مختلف منابع نیتروژن از جمله نیترات پتاسیم و نیترات آمونیوم روی سطح رشدی قارچ F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum در محیط PDA در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار مطالعه شد. تجزیه واریانس سطح رشدی قارچ اختلاف معنی داری بین سطوح مختلف عناصر مورد استفاده نشان داد، بالاترین سطح رشدی قارچ در تیمار 1/0 گرم در لیتر نیترات پتاسیم بدست آمد. نیترات آمونیوم به طور معنی داری باعث کاهش رشد میسلیوم نسبت به شاهد شد. سطوح مختلف نیتروژن روی دو رقم خیار گلخانه ای سلطان و اکسترم در حضور قارچ عامل بیماری مطالعه شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 4 تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که افزایش میزان نیتروژن (20 میلی اکی والانت در لیترNO3-) نسبت به شاهد آلوده (آب مقطر + قارچ عامل بیماری) باعث کاهش شدت بیماری گردید. نتایج به روشنی نشان داد که تغذیه خیار به وسیله عنصر غذایی نیتروژن روی بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی خیار اثر دارد و اهمیت مدیریت تغذیه گیاه جهت کاهش شدت بیماری مشاهده شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Cucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum  is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 on the growth of fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) on PDA medium and  interaction between plant nutrition (N) and cucumber Fusarium wiltdisease on some cultivar of cucumber in greenhouse hydroponic culture were investigated. The effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 were investigated on growth area of F.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on PDA medium by a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Variance analysis of growth area of the fungus showed significant effect on the different factors used in this experiment. The highest area growth of fungus was obtained at 0.1 g/l for KNO3 . Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) significantly reduced the mycelial growth compared to the control treatment. Effects of different N levels were investigated on two greenhouse cucumber cultivars (exterem and soltan) at the presence of fungus (F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum). A completely randomized design with 4 replications was used for this experiment. The results showed that increasing of nitrogen level (20 meq/l NO3-) compared to the control treatment (distilled water + fungus) decrease the disease severity. The results showed that cucumber nutrition with nitrogen affects the F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Also the importance of plant nutrituin management for decrease of disease severity was shown.

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