بررسی اثرات کاربری اراضی و شکل زمین بر دمای سطح زمین (مطالعه موردی: شهر بجنورد، استان خراسان شمالی)
محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی و مدیریت زیست محیطیزهرا پرور 1 , مرجان محمدزاده 2 , سپیده سعیدی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی محیطزیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیطزیست دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان،
2 - دانشکده شیلات و محیطزیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
3 - دانشکده شیلات و محیطزیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: شهر بجنورد, لندست 8, دمای سطح زمین, الگوریتم پنجره مجزا,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده شهرنشینی با تغییر شکل طبیعی زمین می‌تواند دمای سطح زمین (LST) را در مقیاس جهانی تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. کاهش پیامدهای تغییرات اقلیمی، مستلزم تدوین یک برنامه منسجم مدیریت کاربری برای محدود نمودن گسترش بی‌برنامه و افزایش فضای سبز شهری است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی چگونگی تأثیر ویژگی‌ها و الگوی فضایی مناطق شهری و محیط اطراف آن بر دمای سطح زمین در شهر بجنورد است. برای این منظور، از الگوریتم پنجره مجزا (SWA) برای بازیابی دمای سطح زمین با استفاده از داده‌های لندست 8 سال 2021 استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج، مراکز اصلی انتشار گرمای بالا در مناطق شهری مانند تأسیسات عمومی، پارکینگ خودروها و مناطق صنعتی، دمای سطح زمین بالاتری (بیش از 38 درجه سانتی‌گراد) نسبت به فضاهای سبز شهری (کمتر از 36 درجه سانتی‌گراد) دارند. در این مطالعه تفاوت بین دمای سطح زمین در روز و شب با استفاده از دمای شبانه سطح زمین مادیس آشکار شد. همچنین نتایج خودهمبستگی فضایی تضاد در رفتارهای دمای سطح زمین بافت شهری و حومه شهر در مناطق نیمه‌خشک را نشان می دهد. وجود نقاط گرم در سطوح نفوذپذیر مانند زمین‌های کشاورزی و نقاط سرد در مناطق غیرقابل نفوذ نشان دهنده اثر معکوس جزایر حرارتی شهری در این مناطق است. درک تعاملات پیچیده کاربری‌های شهری و دمای سطح زمین با در نظر گرفتن الگوهای آب و هوای منطقه‌ای می‌تواند به مدیران و برنامه ریزان شهری در بهبود کیفیت زندگی در مناطق شهری کمک کند.
Urbanization can affect land surface temperature (LST) on a global scale by changing the natural land forms. Reducing the consequences of climate changes, requires to develop a coherent land use/cover management plan that restricts unplanned urban expansion and increases green cover. The purpose of this study is to investigate how features and spatial patterns of urban areas and its surroundings affect the LST of Bojnord city. For this, a split-window algorithm (SWA) used for land surface temperature (LST) retrieval from Landsat 8 TIRS of 2021. Based on the results, the main centers of high heat emission in urban areas such as public facilities, car parks and industrial areas have higher LST (more than 38 °C) compared to urban green spaces (less than 36 °C)c, which are cooler parts of the city. Comparing the results with MODIS nighttime LST reveals the different behavior of LST in day and night in urban and non-urban areas. In this study, the difference between day and night LST was revealed using MODIS nighttime LST. The spatial autocorrelation result show the contrast of LST behavior in urban and peri-urban fabric in semi-arid regions. The presence of hot spots in permeable surface areas such as agricultural land and cold spots in impermeable areas indicate the opposite effect of urban heat island in such areas. Understanding the complex interactions of urban land uses and LST by considering regional climate patterns can help managers and urban planners to improve the quality of life in urban areas.
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