تحلیل محتوای کتاب‌های علوم اجتماعی دوره ابتدایی بر اساس رویکرد زمینه محور
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
مریم رضایی
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری رشته مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی تهران.
)
پرستو بلمانه
2
(
کارشناس ارشد مطالعات برنامه درسی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی تهران، ایران.
)
غلامعلی احمدی
3
(
دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی تهران.
)
کلید واژه: رویکرد زمینه محور, دورة ابتدایی, علوم اجتماعی, تحلیل محتوا,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل محتوای کتاب‌های علوم اجتماعی پایه سوم و چهارم دوره ابتدایی بر اساس مؤلفه‌های رویکرد زمینه محور است. روش تحقیق در پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل محتوا است. جامعة آماری این پژوهش کتاب‌های علوم اجتماعی دوره ابتدایی در سال تحصیلی 94-93 است. حجم نمونه این پژوهش شامل کتاب‌های علوم اجتماعی پایه سوم و چهارم دوره ابتدایی است. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در این تحقیق فرم تحلیل محتوا است که این فرم با توجه به مؤلفه‌های رویکرد زمینه محور تهیه شده است. به‌منظور تعیین روایی ابزار تحقیق از دیدگاه صاحب‌نظران و متخصصان تعلیم و تربیت استفاده گردید. پایایی ابزار تحقیق با استفاده از فرمول هولستی 90/0 محاسبه گردید. برای تحلیل محتوای کتاب‌های علوم اجتماعی پایه‌های سوم و چهارم ابتدایی از یک فرم کدگذاری شده استفاده گردید، در مرحله اول واحدهای فعال و غیرفعال کتاب‌های علوم اجتماعی دو پایه مشخص گردید، در مرحله دوم واحدهای غیرفعال حذف گردید و در مرحله بعد واحدهای فعال بر مبنای مؤلفه‌های رویکرد زمینه محور کدگذاری شدند و در مرحله بعد داده‌های حاصل از یافته‌های تحقیق با استفاده از آمار توصیفی مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در هر دو کتاب به رویکرد زمینه محور به‌طور متوسط توجه شده است. در هر دو کتاب مورد تحلیل به مؤلفه‌های رویکرد زمینه محور به‌طور نامتعادل توجه شده است. در هر دو کتاب به مؤلفه‌های یادگیری معنادار، کسب شایستگی علمی، ایجاد موقعیت‌های حل مسئله بیشتر از سایر مؤلفه‌ها توجه شده است و به مؤلفه‌های درگیر شدن دانش‌آموزان در کارهای گروهی و فراهم ساختن زمینه پرورش استدلال علمی بسیار کم توجه شده است.
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the contents of social science books in the third and fourth grades of the elementary school according to the components of context-base approach. The research method in this study was content analysis. The populations of study were the social science books in the elementary school in the academic year 93-94. The sample of study was the social science book contents in the third and fourth grades of the elementary school. The instrument of data gathering in this study is the content analysis form. It is made according to the components of context-base approach. Educational experts’ ideas were used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The reliability of the instrument was calculated 90% through the Holsti formula. One coding form was used to analyze contents of social science books in the third and fourth grades of elementary school. At the first stage, active and inactive units of the social science books were determined in the two grades. At the second stage, the inactive units were omitted and at the next stage, the active units were coded according to the components of field-centered approach. At the next stage, the obtained data from the research were analyzed through the descriptive statistics. The results of this study showed that the context-base approach was averagely focused in both books. The components of field-centered approach were focused asymmetrically in both books in a way that in both books more attention is paid to the components of meaningful learning, scientific competence, providing problem solving situations and less attention was paid to the components of involving students in group works and providing scientific reasoning training background.
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