پیش‌بینی خودکارآمدی دختران دانش‌آموز دبیرستان بر اساس ویژگی‌های شخصیت مادران
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتیعصمت دانش 1 , نرسانگا نیکومنش 2 , مینا شمشیری 3 , نرگس سلیمی نیا 4
1 - عضو هیأت علمی گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، ایران
2 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی شخصیت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران
3 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی شخصیت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکترای روان‌شناسی تربیتی دانشگاه علوم مالزی، ایران
کلید واژه: صفات شخصیتی, خودکارآمدی, مادران, دختران دانش‌آموز دبیرستان,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش، پیش‌بینی خودکارآمدی دختران بر اساس ویژگی‌های شخصیتی مادرانشان بود. روش پژوهش همبستگی و تعداد نمونه 351 دانش‌آموز مقطع متوسطۀ استان البرز بود که به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامۀ شخصیتی نئو (مک کری و کاستا، 1985) و خودکارآمدی (شرر و همکاران، 1982) بود. تحلیل یافته‌ها نشان داد از بین متغیرهای پیش‌بین، تنها خرده‌مقیاس مسؤولیت‌پذیری مادران، خودکارآمدی دختران را پیش‌بینی می‌کند و ضریب رگرسیون (226/0= &beta)، نشان‌دهندۀ رابطۀ مثبت مسؤولیت‌پذیری مادران با خودکارآمدی دختران بود (002/0>P ). همچنین، معدل دختران دبیرستانی با ضریب رگرسیون (330/0= &beta)، گویای همبستگی مثبت و معنادار (0001/0>P )؛ و سن مادران با ضریب رگرسیون (105/0-= &beta) گویای همبستگی منفی و معنادار با خودکارآمدی دختران آنها بود (037/0>P ). بنابراین، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت با توجه به نقشی که مسؤولیت‌پذیری و فاصلۀ سنی کم مادران با دختران، بر خودکارآمدی دخترانشان دارد، لازم است با تقویت منابع مسؤولیت‌پذیری مادران، و تشویق مادران به فرزنددار شدن در سنین جوانی، خودکارآمدی فرزندان نوجوان آنها را افزایش داد.
The aim of this study was to predict self-efficacy of girls based on personality traits of their mothers. Method of study was correlational. The sample consisted of 351 females who were selected by random clustered sampling from high school students in Alborz province. Research instruments were the NEO Personality Inventory (MacCrae and Costa, 1985) and Self-efficacy Scale (Sherer at.al, 1982). The result showed that conscientiousness of mothers was the only predictive variable which could predict daughters' self-efficacy. Regression coefficient of self-efficacy (&beta=0.226) showed a positive relationship between mothers conscientiousness with their daughters self-efficacy (P < 0.002). Also the average score of girls with regression coefficient (&beta=0.330) represented a significant and positive correlation and their self-efficacy (P < 0.0001), and maternal age with regression coefficient (&beta=-0.105) indicated a significant and negative correlation with daughters’ self- efficacy (P < 0.37). Therefore, considering the effect of both mothers’ role of responsibility and low maternal age gap with daughters on the self-efficacy of their daughters, it is necessary to increase self-efficacy of daughters by enriching the responsibility resources of mothers and encouraging mothers to have children at young age.
Abdul Ghani, F.B., Syuaibatul Islamiah bt Roeswardi, S.I., & Azian bt Abd Aziz, A. (2014). Parenting styles and their relation to teenagers ‘personality profile in single mother families: A case study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 114, 766–770.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W.H. Freemn & Company.
Bandura, A. (2012). On the Functional Properties of Perceived Self-Efficacy Revisited. Journal of Management, 38(1): 9-44.
Belsky, J., Crnic, K., & Woodworth, S. (1995). Personality and parenting: Exploringthe mediating role of transient mood and daily hassles. Journal of Personality, 63,905–929.
Brand, S., Hatzinger, M., Beck, J., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2009). Perceived parenting styles, personality traits and sleep patterns in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence 32, 1189- 1207
Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., & Zheng, L. (2002). Intergenerational transmission of risks for problem behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 65–76.
Burns, J. M., Andrews, G., & Szabo, M. (2002). Depression in young people: what causes and can we prevent it? At mia. Com.au / public / issues / 177-00-0712002 / burt 10371–fem.pdf
Caprara, G.V., Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., Gerbino, M., & Barbaranelli, C. (2011). The contribution of personality traits and self-efficacy beliefs to academic achievement: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 78–96.
Clark, A.L., Kochanska, G., & Ready, R. (2000). Mothers’ personality and its interaction with child temperament as predictors of parenting behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 274–285.
Coplan, R.J., Reichel, M., Rowan, K.(2009). Exploring the associations between maternal personality, child temperament, and parenting: A focus on emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2009) 241–246
Coplan, R.J., Arbeau, K.A., & Armer, M. (2008). Don’t fret, be supportive! Maternal characteristics linking child shyness to psychosocial and school adjustment in kindergarten. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 359–371.
Creed, P.A., Muller, J., & Patton, W. (2003). Leaving high school: The influence and consequences for psychological well-being and career-related confidence. Journal of Adolescence, 26: 295–311.
Desjardins,J., Zelenski, J.M., & Coplan, R.J.(2008). An investigation of maternal personality, parenting styles, and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences 44, 587–597.
Frank, G., Plunkett, S.W., & Otten, M.P. (2010). Perceived Parenting, Self-Esteem, and General Self-Efficacy of Iranian American Adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies.DOI 10.1007/s10826-010-9363-x
Galambos, N.L., Barker, E.T., & Almeida, D.M. (2003). Parents do matter: Trajectories of change in externalizing and internalizing problems in early adolescence. Child Development, 74, 578–594.
Huver, R.M.E., Otten, R., Vries, H., & Engels, R.C.M.E. (2010). Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence 33 (2010) 395–402.
Jain, S. & Dowson M. (2009). Mathematics anxiety as a function of multidimensional self- regulation and self-efficacy .Contemporary Educational Psychology, 34(9), 240-249.
Kochanska, G., Clark, L.A., & Goldman, M.S. (1997). Implications of mothers ‘personality for their parenting and their young children’s development outcomes. Journal of Personality, 65, 387–420.
Lent, R.W., Singley, D., Sheu, H., Gainor, K.A., Brenner, B.R., Treistman, D., & Ades, L. (2005).Social cognitive predictors of domain and life satisfaction: Exploring the theoretical precursors of subjective well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52: 429–442.
Lindhout, I., Markus, M., Hoogendijk, T., Borst, S., Maingay, R., Spinhoven, P., et al. (2006). Childrearing style of anxiety disordered parents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 37, 89–102.
Losoya, S.H., Callor, S., Rowe, D.C., & Goldsmith, H.H. (1997). Origins of familial similarity in parenting: A study of twins and adoptive siblings. Developmental Psychology, 33, 1012–1023.
Mazefsky, C.A., & Farrell, A.D. (2005). The role of witnessing violence, peer provocation, family support, and parenting practices in the aggressive behavior of rural adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14, 71–85.
Mazaheri, E., Ghasemzadeh, A., Saadat, M., Karami, S., Pourshahriari, M. (2011). The relationship between parent’s anxiety and their children’s self-efficacy in primary schools, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 29 (2011) 257–260.
McGeown, S.P., Dave Putwain, D., Simpson, E.G., Boffey, E., Markham, J., Vince, A. (2014). Predictors of adolescents\' academic motivation: Personality, self-efficacy and adolescents\' characteristics, Learning and Individual Differences. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016 /j.lindif.2014.03.022
Metsapelto, R.L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Personality traits and parenting: Neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience as discriminative factors. European Journal of Personality, 17, 59–78.
Muris, P. (2002). A Brief Questionnaire for measuring self-efficacy in youth. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23: 145-149.
Oliver, P.H., Wright Guerin, D., & Coffman, J.K. (2009). Big five parental personality traits, parenting behaviors, and adolescent behavior problems: A mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences 47(2009) 631–636.
Pettit, G.S., Bates, J.E., & Dodge, K.A. (1997). Supportive parenting, ecological context, and children’s adjustment: A seven-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 68, 908–923.
Prinzie, P., Onghena, P., Hellinckx, W., Grietens, H., Ghesquière, P., & Colpin, H. (2005). Direct and indirect relationships between parental personality and externalizing behaviour: The role of negative parenting. Psychological Belgica, 45,123–145.
Robins, R.W., Fraley, R.C., &Roberts, B.W. (2001). A longitudinal study of personality change in young adulthood. Journal of Personality, 69, 617-670.
Sherer, M., Maddux, J.E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B. & Rogers, R.W. (1982). The self-efficacy scales: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51, 663- 671.
Suld, S.M., & Huebner, E.S. (2006). Is extremely high life satisfaction during adolescence advantageous .Social Indicators Research, 78, 179-203.
