Design and Fabrication of a Composite Energy Absorber
محورهای موضوعی : composite materialsHamid Reza Shalian 1 , Mohammad Hossein Alaee 2 , Jafar Eskandari Jam 3 , Mohsen Heydari Beni 4 , Majid Eskandari Shahraki 5 , Naser Asiaban 6
1 - Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Composite Engineering Research Institute
3 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Composite Engineering Research Institute
4 - Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
5 - Department of Aerospace Engineering,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
6 - Department of Aerospace Engineering,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
کلید واژه: Energy Absorber, Quasi-Static, Crash Box, Composite,
چکیده مقاله :
In this paper, the quasi-static test and the damage of the thin-walled composite cylinder were numerically simulated using ABAQUS. Then, a comparison was made between the results of this simulation and those obtained from experimental studies followed by their validation. In the next step, several parameters affecting the energy absorption rate including outer diameter-to-cylinder height ratio, thickness-to-outer diameter ratio, and angle of damage initiation mechanism were selected. They were optimized by modelling different states in ABAQUS. The number of tests is reduced by the design of experiments using response surface methodology and the optimal specimen is extracted by this software. Finally, optimum adsorbent is fabricated and tested. Considering enhanced energy absorption, increased mean reaction force, and reduced initial maximum force, the optimal design parameters include the inner diameter-to-cylinder height ratio of 0.2, thickness-to-inner diameter ratio of 0.1, and angle of damage initiation mechanism of 45°.
[1] Farley, G.L., Wolterman, R. L., and Kennedy, J.M., Effects of Crushing Surface Roughness on the Crushing Characteristics of Composite Tubes, Journal of the American Helicopter Society, 1992, pp. 53-60.
[2] Turner, Thomas, A., The Effects of Processing Variables On the Energy Absorption of Composite Crash Structures. PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004.
[3] Hull, D., A Unified Approach to Progressive Crushing of Fiber Reinforced Composite Tubes. Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 35, 1993, pp. 231-246
[4] Hamada, H., Ramakrishna, S., and Satoh, H., Crushing Mechanism of Carbon Fiber/ PEEK Composite Tubes. Composites, Vol. 26, 1995, pp. 749-755.
[5] Nilson, S., Poly Ether Ether Ketone Matrix Resins and Composites. International Encyclopedia of Composites, Vol. 6, 1991, pp. 282.
[6] Ramakrishna, S., Hamada, H., and Sato, H., Maekawa, Z., Energy Absorption Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Tubes, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol. 1, 1995.
[7] Sato, H., Hamada, H., Coppola, J. C., Hull, T. D., and Maekawa, T. Z., Comparison of energy absorption of carbon/epoxy and carbon/PEEK composite tubes, Composites, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1992, pp. 245-252.
[8] Farley, G. L., Energy Absorption of Composite Material and Structures, Proc. 43rd American Helicopter Society Annual Forum, St. Louis, USA, 1987, pp. 613-627.
[9] Farley G. L., Jones, R. M., Crushing Characteristics of Continuous Fiber- Reinforced Composite Tubes, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 26, 1992, pp. 37-50.
[10] Hamada, H., Ramakrishna, S., Maekawa, Z., and Nakamura, M., Energy Absorption Behavior of Hybrid Composite Tubes, Proc. 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composite Conference, Dearborn, Michigan, USA, 7th–10th November 1994.
[11] Ramakrishna, S., Hamada, H., Maekawa, Z., and Sato H., Energy Absorption Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Tubes, J. Thermo. Comp. Mater., Vol. 8, 1995, pp. 323-344.
[12] Gibson, R. F., Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994, pp. 364.
[13] Brighton, M. Forrest, M. Starbuck, D. Erdman, and Fox, B., Strain Rate Effects on the Energy Absorption of Rapidly Manufactured Composite Tubes, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 43, No. 20, 2009, pp. 2183-2200.
[14] Kindervater, C. M., Crash Impact Behavior and Energy Absorbing Capability of Composite Structural Elements, 30th International National SAMPE Symposium, 1985, pp. 19-21.
[15] Pafitis D. G., Hull, D., Design of Fiber Composite Conical Components for Energy Absorbing Structures, SAMPE Journal, Vol. 27, 1991, pp. 29-34.
[16] Fleming, D. C., Vizzini, A. J., Tapered Geometries for Improved Crashworthiness under Side Loads, Journal of the American Helicopter Society, January 1993, pp. 38- 44.
[17] Ochelski, S., Gotowicki, P., Experimental Assessment of Energy Absorption Capability of Carbon-Epoxy and Glass-Epoxy Composites, Composite Structures, Vol. 87, 2009, pp. 215-224.
[18] D.C. Fleming, D. C., Vizzini, A. J., Tapered Geometries for Improved Crashworthiness Under Side Loads, Journal of the American Helicopter Society, January 1993, pp. 38- 44.
[19] Hannapel, F. W., Yuan, Y. B., Viegelahn, G. L., and Martin, C. D., Crashworthy Characteristics of Fiberglass / Polyester Frusta Under Quasi-Static Axial Loading, Advanced Materials: New Developments and Applications Conference Proceedings, 1991, pp. 469-479.
[20] Jiancheng, H., Xinwei, W., Numerical and Experimental Investigations On the Axial Crushing Response of Composite Tubes Composite Structures, Vol. 91, 2009, pp. 222–22
[21] Farley, G. L., Energy Absorption of Composite Material and Structure, 43rd American Helicopter Society Annual Forum, 1987, pp. 613-627.
[22] Hamada, H., Ramakrishna, S., Scaling Effects in The Energy Absorption of Carbon-Fiber/PEEK Composite Tubes, Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 55, No. 3, 1995, pp. 211-221.
