مروری بر تولید زیست سوخت اتانول با استفاده از فرآوری زیستی زیست توده

محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست

حسین معتمدی ¹ (استادگروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. مرکز تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی و علوم زیستی ،دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات))
ابوالقاسم هدایت خواه ² (کارشناسی ارشد میکروبیولوژی، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.)
مصطفی عموپور بهنمیری ³ (کارشناسی ارشد میکروبیولوژی، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/09/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/03/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/04/01

کلید واژه: زیست‌توده, زیست‌سوخت, اتانول, پیش‌تیمار, تخمیر,

چکیده مقاله :

جهت حفظ منابع فسیلی به عنوان مهم ترین منبع تامین انرژی، بشر نیازمند یافتن منابع تجدیدپذیری برای این مواد است. از جمله گزینه‌های پیش رو زیست‌توده‌ است که قابلیت تبدیل به زیست‌سوخت‌ها را دارد. از جمله مهم‌ترین زیست‌سوخت‌های تولید شده اتانول است که به عنوان بهترین جایگزین برای بنزین شناخته شده است. تبدیل زیست‌توده به زیست‌سوخت طی یکی از فرآیندهای زیست‌پالایی به نام تبدیل زیستی انجام می‌شود که در آن ابتدا محتوای کربوهیدراتی زیست‌توده به قندهای ساده تبدیل شده، سپس قندها به اتانول تخمیر شوند. با توجه به ساختار سخت تجز‌یه‌شونده‌ مواد لیگنوسلولزی، انجام روش پیش‌تیمار ضروری به نظر می‌رسد که روش‌های متفاوتی از جمله تیمارهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده است. در مرحله قندسازی، زیست‌توده تیمار شده تحت اثر آنزیم‌های تجزیه‌کننده قرار می گیرد که بسته به نوع آنزیم‌های استفاده شده قندهای 5 یا 6 کربنه یا هردونوع تولید می‌شود و بر این اساس نوع میکروارگانیسم تخمیر کننده انتخاب می‌شود. برای بالا بردن بازده نهایی تجزیه و تخمیر، معمولا این دو مرحله را به‌صورت هم زمان انجام می‌دهند. یکی از ابعاد مهم تحقیقات در زمینه تولید زیست‌سوخت‌ها به خصوص اتانول، معطوف به توسعه روش‌های تخمیری است تا بازده نهایی تولید را افزایش دهند که از مهم ترین این تحقیقات می‌توان به روش تخمیر دوفازی اشاره کرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to preserve fossil fuel reservoirs, it is necessary to find renewable resources. One option is biomass that can be converted to biofuels. One of the most important biofuels is ethanol that has been regarded as the best substituent for benzene. Bioconversion is one of the bioremediation methods in which, biomass is converted to biofuel. In this process carbohydrate content is converted to simple sugars and then fermented to ethanol. With regard to the unique structure of lignocellusic materials the pretreatment is necessary that can be done by physical and chemical methods. In saccharification, the biomass is degraded to 5 and/or 6 carbon sugars and then the fermenter microorganism is selected based on the produced sugar. In order to improve final yeild, usually this two steps will be done simulatneously. One of the most important subjects in biofuel production is development of fermentation methods to reach maximum yield one of them is biphasic fermentation.

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