نظام جامع ارزیابی های زیستمحیطی: ابزاری برای اعِمال حقوق پیشگیرانه محیط زیست
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
سعید فردوسی
1
(
دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی مدیریت محیط زیست (گرایش حقوق محیط زیست)، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی.تهران
)
سید مسعود منوری
2
(
دکترای محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران
)
سیدعباس پورهاشمی
3
(
دکترای حقوق، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی.تهران.
)
رضا مکنون
4
(
دکترای مهندسی عمران، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. تهران.
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/06/19
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/07/26
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/04/01
کلید واژه:
راهبردی,
زیست-محیطی,
ارزیابی,
پیشگیرانه,
حقوق,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: توسعه پایدار اقتصادی و اجتماعی تنها در بستر محیط زیست سالم میسر است. در راستای کوشش و کنش ملی برای همسو کردن فعالیت‌های توسعه-محور با حفاظت از محیط زیست، توجه فزاینده به شناسایی آسیب های احتمالی ناشی ازفعالیت های توسعه-محور و پیشگیری از بروز اینگونه آسیب ها ضروری است.روش بررسی: این بررسی بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای صورت گرفته است. مبنای نظری این بررسی در قلمرو حقوق پیشگیرانه محیط زیست جای دارد.یافته ها: پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که نظام کنون ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی تصمیم های توسعه-محور در سطح پروژه های منفرد عمل می کند و از توانایی لازم برای ارزیای اثرات برنامه ها و طرح های کلان توسعه برخورداد نیست.بحث و نتیجه گیری: استقرار یک نظام ارزیابی زیست-محیطی منسجم و متکی به قانون، ابزار مهمی برای کاربرد ِحقوق پیشگیرانه محیط زیست را فراهم می آورد. پس از گذشت چند دهه از اعِمال مقررات مربوط به انجام ارزیابی پیامدهای زیست-محیطی در سطح پروژه های منفرد، لازم است که با استقرار یک نظام حقوقی منسجم و یکپارچه، مبانی قانونی لازم برای گسترش دامنه ارزیابی های پیشگیرانه به سطوح بالاتر از پروژه های منفرد (سیاست ها و برنامه‌های کلان توسعه) نیز فراهم گردد. این پژوهش الگوی قانونی به هم پیوسته ای را برای استقرار نظام حقوقی و اجرایی ارزیابی های زیست محیطی پیشنهاد می کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Purpose: Sustainable economic and social development can only be perceived in a healthy environment. In line with the national efforts to align the development initiatives with environmental considerations, it is necessary to take into account the potential impacts of development initiatives at all levels to prevent such impacts from happening.Methodology: This study has been carried out through the desk review of available information. The basic premise of the study falls within the realm of precautionary environmental law.Findings: The study suggests that the currently used environmental assessment model that focuses on project level Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) does not suffice to address the environmental impacts of upstream policies, plans and programmes.Discussions and conclusions: Several decades into the use of EIA as a legally bound mechanism to determine and address the potential environmental repercussions of development projects, there is a need for the system to mainstream the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of upstream development decisions. To that effect, the paper proposes a wholesome model that promotes the integrated application of EIA and SEA.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Karimi, S., Kahrazifar, F., Mirsanjari, M.2006.SEA on the sustainable development trend in Iran.The 4th National Conference of Environmental Impact Assessment of Iran, Tehran.
Fathifarzaneh, A.,Sharifi,H.,2014.Application of Strategic Environmental Assessment for sustainable development in urban area of Karaj City-Shahriar.The first National Conference of Architect, Civil and Urban Environment. Tehran.
Yaghoot Hardani, H., Motieelangroodi, H., Davarkhani, F. 2022.Screening of environmental impacts importance and consequences of rural development strategies based on SEA.j.Economic Geography reseachs,2(5).
Tian, M., Geo, O., Wang, N., Yang, X., Yu, X., Zhang, l.2018.Strategic Environmental Assessment and sustainable development,China.
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Yarmohammadi, R.2021.Analysis of precaution and prevention elements responsibilities for transbundary environmental damages. j. Public Law Researchs,21(66).
Haiati, A.2020.Effect of citizen responsibility on environmental sustainability. J. Environmental Science and Technology,27.
Hackett, P., Liu, J., Noble, BF. 2018.Human Health, development legacies, and cumulative effects. Impact Assessment Project Appraisal,36(5).
Toloeemoghaddam, A., Davoodi, H., 2021.Comprative approach to NGOs activities for precaution of environmental crimes. J. Internation Law Researchs.14(52).
Peter, C.2011. Status of application and demand for SEA in developing countries. CIDA.
Doelle, M., 2018.Regional and Stratecic Assessment in the proposed federal impact assessment act.Ciaa.
Bottero, M,. Mondini, G., 2020.Strategic Environmental Assessment: An overrewiew of the European experiences. Green Energy and Technology. Germany.
Giovanni, C., 2020.Strategic Environmental Assessment and urban planning. Green Energy and Technology. Germany.
Iris,2022., Learning from practice: Case studies of health in SEA and environmental impact assessment across the WHO European regions.
South Lankshire Council, 2021.Climate change and sustainability. Scotish Government, UK.
The Regional Environmental Center, 2019.Benefits of a Strategic Environmental Assessment. UNDP, REC.
Deputy of Technology and Infrastracture Development, 2005.Strategic Environmental Assessment guide for development plans, No.69.IMPO. Iran.
Monavari, M., Khoshmanesh, B. 2006.Needs assessment of EIA law in Iran, Environmental Assessment Society of Iran. The 4th National Conference of EIA in Iran.
Alemrejaee, H., Maknoon, R.2010, Environmental Strategic Assessment and its role for obtaining sustainable development. The first National Conference of Environmental Assessment, Management and Land Use Planning of Iran.
Padash, A., Nabibidhendi, G., Hoveidy, H., Ardestani, M., 2016.Analyzing of innovative strategy for environmental planning with HSE approach on Petrochemical industries. J. Human Resources Management Researchs.6(2).
Belcakova, I., 2016.Strategic Environmental Assessment-an instrument for better decision making toward urban sustainable planning. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal.37(2).
Darabi, H., Soortichi, S., 2015.SEA based on land use capability index method,Case study:District 1,Tehran Metropolitan. J. Physical Development Planning,4(2).
Ferdosi, S., Ghoddosi, F., 2005.Environmental Impact Assessment: Expriences, abstacles and future trend. Deprtment of Environment Pub., Tehran, Iran.
Karimnejadsani, M., Nazeri, A., 2008.Sustainable strategy precaution and environmental standards: the role media in sustainable control systems.J.Standard Management and Quality.2(28).
Monavari, S.M., 2006.Strategic Environmental Assessment, Arziaban Mohit Co. Pub. Tehran, Iran.
Di Ludorico, D., Fabietti, V., 2017.Strategic Environmental Assessment, key issues of its -effectiveness. The results of the speedy projects. Envvironmental Impact Assessment Review,68.
UK. 2022.Guidance offshore Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment: An overview of the SEA Process.
Alemohammad, S., Zebardast, L., Salehi, A., Yavari, A., 2016.Foundamental of Strategic Environmental Assessment and its application on planning system of Iran.j. Environment and Development.No.13.
South Dublin County Councill, 2021.Draft South Dublin County development plan.2022-2028. Vol.2, Baile.
Jafari, H., Othman Soleiman, K., 2020. Assessment of effective environmental factors on policy of oil and gas area with application of SWOT and PESTLE (Kordestan, Iraq).J. Environmental Sciences.18(2).
Karimi, S., Kahrazifar, F., Mirsanjari, M.2006.SEA on the sustainable development trend in Iran.The 4th National Conference of Environmental Impact Assessment of Iran, Tehran.
Fathifarzaneh, A.,Sharifi,H.,2014.Application of Strategic Environmental Assessment for sustainable development in urban area of Karaj City-Shahriar.The first National Conference of Architect, Civil and Urban Environment. Tehran.
Yaghoot Hardani, H., Motieelangroodi, H., Davarkhani, F. 2022.Screening of environmental impacts importance and consequences of rural development strategies based on SEA.j.Economic Geography reseachs,2(5).
Tian, M., Geo, O., Wang, N., Yang, X., Yu, X., Zhang, l.2018.Strategic Environmental Assessment and sustainable development,China.
Barak, M., Navazi, S., Salehi, A., 2017.Study of SEA concept and its application methods.J.Environmental Researchs,8(15).
