T‎‎‎‎he Impact of Geometric Proportions on Daylight Performance and the Proportions Derived From Nature in Traditional Houses (Case study:Ardabil’s ‎Houses)

محورهای موضوعی : مجله بین المللی ریاضیات صنعتی

M. Javadi nodeh ¹ , A. Shahcheraghi ² , AR. Andalib ³

1 - Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Department of Urban Development, Faculty of Civil, Architecture and Art, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/12/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/07/05 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/04/10

کلید واژه: Ecological ‎Architecture.‎, Traditional houses, Nature, Geometry, daylight perimeter zone, Proportions,

چکیده مقاله :

This study attempts to determine the compatibility of common geometric proportions used in traditional houses with daylight performance and natural proportions of the surrounding physical environment so as to recognize the most compatible structural layout with nature. To this end, 28 shahneshin rooms were chosen from 21 traditional houses in Ardabil. Moreover, they were observed to have the highest level of overlap with the frequency perimeter zone of daylight.

چکیده انگلیسی:

بهر­ه­گیری از تناسبات برگرفته از طبیعت در معماری سنتی به عتوان اصلی جاری در تعامل محیط انسان ساخت با محیط طبیعی است. لذا که ارتباط ذاتی با طبیعت می­تواند به شباهتهای صوری ختم شود. این پژوهش به شناسایی میزان سازگاری تناسبات هندسی رایج در خانه­های تاریخی با عملکرد نور طبیعی بستر و نسبتهای طبیعی می­پردازد تا، رایج­ترین حالت جانمایی منطبق بر طبیعت را شناسایی نماید. براین اساس تعداد 28 اتاق شاه­نشین از 21 خانه تاریخی در اردبیل انتخاب می­گردد. با برداشت میدانی و  استدلال منطقی داده­ها و روش هاى محاسباتى، تحلیل عددی داده­ها صورت می­گیرد. بدین ترتیب که با استفاده از نمودار فراوانی و ضریب تغییرات میانگین، توزیع نرمال تناسبات واقع بر شاه­نشین مشخص می­شود. سپس براساس محاسبات عددی میزان سازش این تناسبات هندسی و مشخصات نورگیرها با محدوده نفوذ نور طبیعی محاسبه می­شود. نتایج براساس رایج­ترین جانمایی­ها نشان می­دهد که محیط طبیعی و محیط انسان ساخت در معماری سنتی همساز و در تعامل با یکدیگراند. به نحوی که 95 درصد از تناسبات رایج در خانه­های تاریخی اردبیل از نسبتهای حسابی و تعداد زیادی از تناسبات طلایی پیروی می­کنند. که بالاترین هم­پوشانی را با فراوانی میزان توزیع و محدوده نفوذ نور طبیعی دارند. علاوه بر این محدوده بی­خطی آسمان از فضای داخلی نشان می­دهد که در تمامی نمونه­ها، طبیعت در حوزه بصری قرار دارند.

منابع و مأخذ:

[1] P. Amiri, In Search of Urban Identity in Ardabil,First Edition, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran, (2005).
[2] G. Ander, M. Andersen, J. Ashmore, IES RP-5-13 Recommended Practice for Daylighting Buildings, Illuminating Engineering Society 28 (2013) 213-221.
[3] S. Ayvazian, Utilizing traditional architectural methods in energy saving, Journal of HOnar ha ye ziba - Architecture and Urban Development 3 (1998) 84-89.
[4] A. Babapour, Geography of Ardabil Province, Textbook Publishing Center 27 (2010) 117-126.
[5] SH. Bakhshali Zadeh, A. Pasha, A. Rastegar, Statistics and modeling, Iran Textbook Publishing Company 159 (2012) 32-41.
[6] L. Balilan, S. Hasanpour Lomer, Geometric patterns and Golden proportion common  language of architecture and art in the Abyaneh village, Journal of Architecture Hot and dry climate 7 (2019) 68-45.
[7] H. Balkhari Ghahi, Geometry of Imagination and Beauty (A Study in Akhavan alSafa’s Views on the Wisdom of Art and Beauty), Institute of Compilation, Translating and Publishing Art  Text, First Edition, Tehran 123 (2009) 21-29.
[8] M. Bemanian, H. Akhavan, P. Baqaei, Application of Geometry and Properties in Architecture, Hale / Tahan 136 (2010) 321-329.
[9] S. Baran, A.Yildirim, A. Yilmazm, Evaluation of ecological design strategies in traditional houses in Diyarbakir, Turkey, journal of cleaner production 19 (2011) 609-619.
[10] K. Boussora, S. Mazouz, The Use of the Golden Section in the Great Mosque at Kairouan, Nexus Network Journal 6 (2004) 7-16.
[11] P. Boyce, P. Raynham, The SLL Lighting Handbook, CIBSE. London, The Society of Light and Lighting 134 (2009) 7-12.
[12] H. Casakin, Empirical Assessment of Metaphor Use in the Design Studio: Analysis, Reflection and Restructuring of Architectural Design, International Journal of Technology and Design Education 22 (2012) 329-344.
[13] Chartered In s tition of Building Services Engineers(CIBSE), Lighting Guide 10: Day lighting and windowdesign, London: Author 16, 17 (1999).
[14] Chartered In s tition of Building Services Engineers(CIBSE), Lighting Guide 5: Lighting for Education.London, Author 26 (2011).
[15] Y. Daneshdost, Iranian Architecture Iranian expert opinion speak four generations of architects, Abadi Journal 19 (1995) 4-45.
[16] M. Falahat, S. Shahidi, Nature and Its Role in Architectural Design, Journal of HOnar ha ye ziba - Architecture and Urban Development 2 (2010) 213-221.
[17] M. Falahat, Conceptual Approach to Human - Nature and Architecture, Zanjan University Press, Zanjan 54 (2017) 17-29.
[18] M. Farabi, Aalas Alum, Translated by Hossein Khadiou jam, Foundation of Iranian Culture, Tehran, 54 (1989) 55-66.
[19] F. Gharooni, A. Omrani Pour, M. Yazdi, Bionic Architectural Design, Case Study the Design of Architectural Shells with the Inspiration of Abalon Pearl, Journal of Architect, Urban Design & Urban Planning 11 (2013) 127-140.
[20] Z, Ghiabakoo, Foundations of Daylight Building Physics 5, Amirkabir University of Technology Jihad Publications, Tehran, (2013).
[21] Z. Ghiabakloo, Biomimetic Auditorium Design Inspired by Seashells, Journal of HOnar ha ye ziba - Architecture and Urban Development 55 (2014) 17-24.
[22] M. Ghyka, The Geometry of Art and life, New York, Dover publications, Inc. 15 (1977) 88-91.
[23] N. Golparvar Fard, Human, Nature and Architecture, Tahan Publications, Tehran 164 (2008) 39-49.
[24] H. Hashemi Zarj Abad, M. Ziaee Nia, H. Ghorbani, Re-reading the Geometric Basics and Golden Ratio of Showkateyeh School, Iranian Archaeological Research Journal 9 (2016) 207-222.
[25] B. Hassani, S. M. Tavakkoli, N. Z. Moghadam, Application of isogeometric analysis in structural shape optimization, Scientia Iranica 4 (2011) 846-852.
[26] A. J. Isaacs, Self-Organizational Architecture: Design Through Form-Finding Methods, Georgia Institute of Technology 6 (2008) 81-93.
[27] M. Kasmayi, Climate and Architecture, Soil Publishing, Isfahan 151 (2005) 55-67.
[28] S. M. R. Khatibi, The Effect ofBehavioral Pattern for Regeneration ofUrban Environment  Identity in UrbanDesigned Interventions (Case Study:Entrance Area of Sanandaj), Hoviat  ShahrJournal 13 (2013) 73-63.
[29] M. Lafafchi, N. Jahandar, Human, The Nature and Architecture, Asre kankash Publications, Tehran 85 (2017) 102-115.
[30] Lighting Guide 10. Daylighting and Window Design, London: The Society of Light and Lighting, CIBSE 16, 17(1999).
[31] Lighting guide 5, lighting for education London; The society of light and lighting cibse 25, 5 (2011).
[32] K. Mardomi, M. soheilifard, M. Aghaazizi, Integration of Architecture & Structure in Optimizing Support’s Location Using Genetic Algorithm Method (Case study: Cladding based on Iranian girih), Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 2 (2015) 65-75.
[33] M. Mehdi Nejad, M. R. Bamiyan, M. Malai, Architecture in context- Inspiration of  contextualism in designs, Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 62 (2012) 65-78.
[34] M. Miri, S. Kompani, Assessing Daylight Access Requirements in Iranian National Building Code (Case Study in Qazvin), Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, Journal of Architecture, Urban Design & Urban Planning, Special Issue of the 1st Iran Lighting Design Conference Selected Articles 110 (2013) 109-121.
[35] A. Nabil, J. Mardaljevic, Useful daylight illuminate: A new paradigm for assessing, daylight in buildings, Lighting Research and Technology 37 (2005) 56-64.
[36] N. Najafgholi Puor, I. Etesam, F. Habib, Check in architectural geometry and proportions of the golden Iran (Case Study: Tabriz traditional houses), Urban Management 482 (2017) 477-491.
[37] G. Najib Oglu, Geometry and Decoration in Islamic Architecture (Topaghi toomar), Rozaneh press, Tehran 188 (2015) 55-61.
[38] P. Nasiri, Statistics and Probability Engineering, Payame Noor University Press (2005).
[39] H. Nasr, The Need for Sacred Science, translation by Hassan Miandari, Taha Cultural Institute, Tehran (2000)114-118.
[40] A. Noghrekar, Introduction to Islamic identity in architecture, ministry of Housing and Urban Development,the office of architecture and urbandesign, Publication of Sima payam, Tehran 122 (1999) 22-35.
[41] O. Ozkan, F. Dogan, Cognitive Strategies of Analogical Reasoning in Design: Differences between Expert and Novice Designers, Design Studies 170 (2013) 161-192.
[42] M. K. Pirnia, Introduction to Islamic Architecture of Iran "Urban and Suburban Buildings" edited by Gholamhossein Memarian, Fourth Edition, Iran University of Science and Technology, Soroush Danesh Press Center, Tehran 159 (1999) 99-110.
[43] H. Pour Abdollah, The Hidden Wisdoms in Architecture, Kalhor Publications, Tehran 11 (2010) 9-11.
[44] M. Pour Ahmadi, M. Yousefi, M. Sohrabi, The Ratio of Length to Width in the Main Spaces of Traditional Houses of Yazd: A test for Pirnia’s Statement on Iranian Golden Rectangle, Journal of HOnar ha ye ziba - Architecture and Urban Development 70 (2011) 69-77.
[45] C. F. Reinhart, D. Weissman, The Daylit Area - Correlating architectural student assessments with current and emerging daylight availability metrics, Building and Environment 155 (2012) 155-164.
[46] F. Roostayi, H. Nature, Architecture with Ecological Considerations and Natural Design, Adiban-e Rooz Publishing, Tehran 5 (2016) 90-101.
[47] S. Silvie, KH. Daneshjoo, S. Farmahin Farahani, Geometry in Pre-Islamic Iranian Architecture and its Manifestation in Contemporary Iranian Architecture, Naqshejahan Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning 57 (2013) 66-55.
[48] M. Tahbaz, SH. Djalilian, F. Mousavi, M. Kazemzadeh, Natural Day lighting in Traditional Houses in Kashan, Case Study of Ameri House, Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies 87 (2013) 78-91.
[49] J. A. Veitch, The physiological and psychological effects of windows, daylight, and view at home, Velux symposium, Lausanne 2 (2011) 1-6.
[50] R. Zohuri Qara Darwishlu, Compatible Architecture with Mountainous Cold Climate (Ardabils traditional houses), Geography 215 (2016) 211-229.