بررسی غلظت و الگوی پراکنش فلزات سرب، روی، کروم و کادمیوم در رسوبات سطحی رودخانه کارون با استفاده از زمین آمار در محیط GIS

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی محیط زیست (آب و فاضلاب)

میرمهرداد میرسنجری ¹ ( استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات) )
فریبا هدایت زاده ² ( دانشجوی دکترای محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. )
حمیدرضا پورخباز ³ ( استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الأنبیاء (ص) بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران. )

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/08/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/10/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/06/01

کلید واژه: رسوبات, زمین آمار, رودخانه کارون, فلزات سنگین,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: در اکوسیستم های آبی فلزات سنگین به علت سمیت و پایداری بالا و نیز آثار فیزیولوژیکی شان بر موجودات زنده، بسیار حایز اهمیت هستند. هدف از این پژوهش مطالعه و بررسی میزان غلظت فلزات سرب، روی، کروم و کادمیوم در رسوبات سطحی رودخانه کارون و الگوی توزیع مکانی آن ها است.روش بررسی: برای بررسی میزان و چگونگی توزیع غلظت فلزات سنگین سرب، روی، کروم و کادمیوم در رسوبات رودخانه کارون، در تابستان و زمستان 1394، شش ایستگاه انتخاب و با استفاده از روش سیستماتیک تصادفی، از هر ایستگاه سه نمونه از رسوبات رودخانه برداشت شد. پس از انتقال نمونه ها به آزمایشگاه، خشک کردن و هضم نمونه ها، سنجش فلزات سنگین با استفاده از دستگاه جذب اتمی شعله صورت گرفت. بعد از انجام تجزیه و تحلیل های آزمایشگاهی به منظور درون یابی توزیع غلظت عناصر سنگین از روش معکوس وزنی استفاده شد.یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از اندازه گیری غلظت فلزات نشان داد که فلز روی بیش ترین تجمع و فلز کادمیوم کم ترین تجمع را در رسوبات سطحی رودخانه کارون داراست. میانگین غلظت فلزات سرب، روی، کروم و کادمیوم در فصل تابستان به ترتیب 28/26، 36/72، 48/53 و 85/3 میکروگرم برگرم وزن خشک و در زمستان به ترتیب 47/13، 54/59، 26/30 و 42/0میکروگرم بر گرم وزن خشک اندازه گیری شد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: مقایسه میزان اندازه گیری شده فلزات سنگین مورد مطالعه با راهنمای کیفیت رسوب آمریکا و کانادا نشان داد که تنها غلظت فلز کروم در فصل تابستان از سطح TEL و فلز کادمیوم نیز از سطح PEL و TEL بیش تر بود. غلظت سایر فلزات بسیار کمتر از حدود راهنما به دست آمد. یافته های این تحقیق اطلاعات مناسبی را در مورد توزیع غلظت فلزات سنگین در رسوبات رودخانه کارون ارایه می کند که می تواند به فرایندهای پایش و ارزیابی رسوبات در منطقه مورد مطالعه کمک کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: In aquatic ecosystems heavy metals are very important due to their toxicity and endurance and having a high bio-accumulation in the environment. The aim of this research, Evaluation of the concentration and distribution pattern of heavy metals (lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium) in surface sediments of the Karun River.Material and Methodology: To determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals (lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium) in sediments of the Karun River in summer and winter of 2015, six stations were selected and from each station 3 samples of sediments were randomly collected. After transferring samples to the laboratory, drying and digestion of samples, the measurement of heavy metals was performed using a Flame atomic absorption spectrometry. An inverse weight-distance method was used to interpolate the distribution of heavy metals.Findings: According to the results, zinc had the highest concentration and cadmium had the lowest concentration among the studied metals in the surface sediments of the Karun River. The mean concentrations of lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium in summer were 26.28, 72.36, 53.48 and 3.85 μg/g dry weight and in winter were 13.47, 59.59, 30.26 And 0.42 μg/g dry weight, respectively.Discussion and Conclusion: Comparison of the measured heavy metals concentration by the American and Canadian national guidelines indicated that levels of Cr in the summer and Cd in surface sediments were higher than the Threshold effect level (Canadian Guideline) and Lowest Effect Level (NOAA Guideline). Whereas Concentrations of other metals were lower than mentioned limits. The findings of this study provide useful information on the distribution of heavy metals concentration in the Karun River sediments which can help monitoring and assessment of sediments in the region.

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