تجمع فلزات سنگین در بافت های سه گونه ماهی در آبهای خلیج فارس و ارتباط آن با برخی مشخصات زیست سنجی

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)

مهرنوش نوروزی ¹ , محمد مهدی صادقی ² , مصطفی باقری توانی ³ , هدیه زندآور ⁴

1 - استادیار گروه بیولوژی دریا و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن، ایران* ( مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناسی ارشد بوم شناسی آّبزیان شیلاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، ایران.
3 - کارشناسی ارشد بوم شناسی آّبزیان شیلاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، ایران.
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، تنکابن، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/12/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/09/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/06/01

کلید واژه: خلیج فارس, تجمع زیستی, فلزات سنگین, بافت,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی میزان تجمع فلزات سنگین و سمی سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه و آرسنیک، در بافت های عضله، پوست و آبشش در سه گونه گیش گوژپشت (Alectis indicus)، هامور منقوط قهوه ای (Epinephelus chlorostima) و سرخو مخطط زرد (Lutjanus imniscatus) بود. همچنین تاثیر 4 عامل وزن، طول کل و طول استاندارد بر میزان تجمع این فلزات در بافت عضله این ماهیان بررسی شد. روش بررسی: نمونه گیری از ماهیان سه گونه، در ماه های (مهر و آبان) در سواحل بوشهر در آبهای خلیج فارس انجام شد. پس از زیست سنجی، جهت اندازه گیری غلظت فلزات سنگین (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) بافت های عضله، پوست و آبشش هر یک از ماهیان تفکیک گردید. جهت استخراج فلزات از بافت های مورد نظر از روش هضم با استفاده از مخلوط اسید استفاده شد. تعیین غلظت بوسیله دستگاه جذب اتمی مجهز به سیستم کوره گرافیتی انجام شد. یافته ها: نتایج، حاکی از وجود رابطه خطی منفی معنی دار بین میزان تجمع فلزات Pb, Cd, Hg با طول استاندارد بود. فلز آرسنیک با وزن و طول کل رابطه خطی مثبت معنی دار نشان داد. بیشترین میزان تجمع فلزات در بافت آبشش و کمترین آن در بافت عضله مشاهده شد و این اختلاف معنی دار بود. بیشترین تجمع فلزات سرب و کادمیوم بین سه گونه، در گیش گوژپشت و بیشترین تجمع فلزات جیوه و آرسنیک در سرخو مخطط زرد و کمترین آن در هامور منقوط قهوه ای بود و این اختلاف معنی دار بود. بحثونتیجهگیری: طبق دادهای ثبت شده و مقایسه با استانداردهای سازمان بهداشت جهانی، سازمان کشاورزی و غذایی سازمان ملل و اداره محیط زیست امریکا هر 4 فلز سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه و آرسنیک بالا تر از حد مجاز استاندارد بود و برای سلامتی انسان مضر است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study is focused on four heavy and toxic metals (Pb, Cd, hg and As) accumulation in muscle, skin and gill tissue of three fish species Alectis indicus; Epinephelus chlorostima, and imniscutus lutjanus. Moreover the relationships between some biological characteristics (weight, total and standard length) and the levels of the selected elements as well as inter-elemental relationships were assessed. The samples were collected from two important fishery zones of Bushehr located in the Iranian part of the Persian Gulf during September and October. After biometrical measurements, muscles, skin and gill tissue were separated. Metals were extracted from tissues using Closed Digestion method and acidic mixture. Concentrations of the heavy metals were measured using a sequential atomic absorption spectrometer. Results show negative linear relationship between accumulation of Pb, Cd and Hg with standard length and positive linear relationship between accumulation of As with total length and weight. Gills showed the highest concentrations of heavy metals and muscle was the lowest concentrations and it was significant. We found the highest concentrations of Pb and Cd in Alectis indicus, the highest concentrations of Hg and As in Lutjanus imniscatus, the lowest concentrations in Epinephelus chlorostima and it was significant. In all the cases, the amounts of heavy and toxic metals (Pb, Cd, hg and As) were higher than concentration of international guidelines FDA, WHO, NHMRC for human consumption.

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