تدوین چارچوبی منسجم برای ارزیابی راهبردی محیط زیستی بر اساس مفاهیم و تئوری های تفکر تاب آوری
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
پرستو پریور
1
,
آیدا احمدی
2
,
فرانه وکیلی
3
,
احد ستوده
4
1 - مدرس، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه یزد، گروه محیط زیست، یزد، ایران .
2 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت محیط زیست HSE، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی و مدیریت محیط زیست، گروه برنامهریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 - استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه یزد، گروه محیط زیست، یزد، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/06/01
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/05/18
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/08/01
کلید واژه:
توسعه پایدار,
ارزیابی راهبردی محیط زیستی,
سیستم اجتماعی-اکولوژیکی,
تفکر تاب آوری,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده زمینه و هدف: امروزه ارزیابی راهبردی محیطزیستی به عنوان ابزاری برای وارد کردن ملاحظات محیطزیستی در مراحل اولیه تصمیمگیری مورد توجه برنامهریزان قرار گرفته است. اندیشمندان مشخصههایی مانند توجه به ارتباط بین لایههای مختلف تصمیمگیری از سطح سیاست تا اجرا، توجه به بستر فرهنگی- سیاسی و ساختار سازمانی توسعه و نیز در نظر گرفتن ملاحظات اقتصادی- اجتماعی را به ارزیابی راهبردی محیطزیستی نسبت داده اند. روش بررسی: علیرغم برشماری این خصوصیات، فرایند معمول ارزیابی راهبردی محیطزیستی، توانایی ارزیابی جامع اثرات در بستر فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اکولوژیکی را ندارد. همچنین برای سنجش پایداری انواع توسعه، از معیارهایی استفاده می شود که نتیجه شفافی را در اختیار تصمیمگیران قرار نمیدهد. به همین دلیل در این مطالعه فرایند و ساختار ارزیابی راهبردی محیطزیستی بر اساس مبانی نظری رویکرد تابآوری ارتقاء یافته است. بر اساس رویکرد تابآوری، عدم قطعیتها و اختلالات در سیستمهای اجتماعی-اکولوژیکی قابل تحلیل است. همچنین با استناد به رویکرد تابآوری مفهوم چند مقیاسی در فرایند ارزیابی وارد میشود. یافته ها: در این مطالعه فرایند سه مرحله ای برای ارزیابی راهبردی محیطزیستی پیشنهاد شده است. هر یک از مراحل بر اساس مفاهیم اصلی رویکرد تابآوری تنظیم شده است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: مجموع این خصوصیات ارزیابیهای محیطزیستی را بر اساس آینده غیر قابل پیش بینی، اجتناب ناپذیر بودن تغییر و آسیب پذیریِ سیستمهای اکولوژیکی امکان پذیر می سازد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and purpose: Nowadays environmental strategic assessment as a tool for incorporating environmental considerations into the early stages of decision making has attracted the attention of planners. Scholars have attributed characteristics such as attention to the relationship between different layers of decision-making from policy making to implementation, consideration of cultural- political context and organizational structure of development as well as reflection of socio-economic considerations to environmental strategic assessment. Method: Despite these characteristics, the usual process of strategic environmental assessment does not have the ability to comprehensively assess the effects of cultural, social and ecological contexts. Criteria that do not provide clear results to decision makers are also used to measure the sustainability of development types. For this reason, in this study, the process and structure of the strategic environmental assessment based on the theoretical foundations of the resilience approach has been improved. Based on the resiliency approach, uncertainties and disturbances in socio-ecological systems can be analyzed. It is also incorporated into the evaluation process by reference to the multi-scale concept resiliency approach. Findings: In this study a three-step process for strategic environmental assessment is proposed. Each step is based on the basic concepts of the resiliency approach. Discussion and Conclusions: The sum of these characteristics makes environmental assessments possible on the basis of the unpredictable future, the inevitability of change, and the vulnerability of ecological systems.
منابع و مأخذ:
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W.N. Adjer, T.P. Hoghes, C. Folke, S.R. Carpenter, and J. Rockstorm. 2005. "Social ecological resilience to coastal disasters." science, pp. 1036-1039.
Z. Zhu, b. Hongtao, x. He, and T. Zhu. 2011. "An inquiry into the potential of scenario analysis for dealing with uncertainty in strategic environmental assessment in China." environmental impact assessment review, pp. 538-548.
S. R. Carpenter, P. L. Pingali, E. M. Bennett, and M. B. Zurek. 2005. Millennium ecosystem assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-being. ScenariosIsland Press.
A. J. Bond, and A. 2011. Morrison-Saunders. "Re-evaluating Sustainability Assessment: aligning the vision and the practice." Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 1-7.
B. walker, and d. salt. 2006. Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World. washington: island press.
C. Folke, 2006. "Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social- ecological system analyses." Global Environmental Change, pp. 253-267.
L. Gunderson, A. Kinzig, A. Quinlan, and B. Walker. 2010. Resilience Alliance. Assessing Resilience in social-ecological systems: Workbook for practitioners. Version 2.0. http://www.resalliance.org/3871.php
C. S. Holling, and L H. Gunderson. 2002. "Resilience and adaptive cycles. In: L H Gunderson and C SHolling (editors). Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems."
ODPM, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister., 2005. The Strategic Environmental Assessment directive: guidance for planning authorities. London: ODPM.
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W. R. Sheate, and M R. Partidario. 2009. "Strategic approaches and assessment techniques—Potential for knowledge brokerage." Environmental Impact Assessment Review, pp. 278-288.
R. Therivel. 2004. Strategic Environmental Assessment in Action. london: earthscan.
M. P. Partidario, and R. Clark. 2000. Perspectives on strategic environmental assessment. London: Lewis Publishers.
B. Dalal- Clayton, and B. Sadler. 2005. Strategic Environmental Assessment: A Sourcebook and reference guide to international experience. London: IIED and Earthscan.
O. Bina.2007. "A Critical review of the dominant lines of argumentation on the need for stratrgic Environmental Assessment." Environmental Impact Assessment Review, pp. 585-606.
R. Therivel, E. Wilson, S. Thompson, D. Heaney, and D. Pritchard. 1992. Strategic Environmental Assessment. london: earthscan.
C. Janes, M. Baker, J. Carte, S. M. Jays, and T. Wood. 2005. Strategic Environmental Assessment and Landuse Planning: an international evaluation. London: Earth scan.
H. Alshawaikhat,2005. "Strategic Environmental Assessment Can Help Solve Enironmental impact Assessment Failures in Developing Countries." Environmental impact Assessment Review, pp. 307-317.
T. B. Fischer, and P. Gazzola. 2006. "SEA effectiveness Criteria- equally Valid in all counries? The Case of Italy." Environmental Impact Assessment Review, pp. 396-409.
A. Schepherd, and L. Ortolano. 1996. "Stralegic Environmental Assessment for Sustainable urban development." Elsevier Science Inc.
J. Curran, C. Wood, and M. Hilton.1998. "environmental appraisal of UK development plans: current practice and future directions." Environ plan B, pp. 411-33.
K. Jia, J. Xie, W. Zhang, and Y. Cai. 2003. "study on environmental impact assessment of land use planning." China land Sc, pp. 15-20.
R. Slootweg, and M. Jones. 2011. "Resilience thinking improves SEA." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal.
C. Faith, and H. Kalle. 2011. "Resilience in the SEA of a connectivity strategy." 'IAIA11 Conference Proceedings, 31st Annual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment. Puebla - Mexico: Centro de Convenciones.
M. J. McDonnell, et al. 1997. "Ecosystem processes along an urban-to-rural gradient." Urban Ecosys, pp. 21-36.
C. Folke, S. Carpenter, and B. Walker. 2004. "Regime shifts resilience and biodiversity in ecosystem management." Annual Review in Ecology Evolution and Systematic, pp. 557-581.
W.N. Adjer, T.P. Hoghes, C. Folke, S.R. Carpenter, and J. Rockstorm. 2005. "Social ecological resilience to coastal disasters." science, pp. 1036-1039.
Z. Zhu, b. Hongtao, x. He, and T. Zhu. 2011. "An inquiry into the potential of scenario analysis for dealing with uncertainty in strategic environmental assessment in China." environmental impact assessment review, pp. 538-548.
S. R. Carpenter, P. L. Pingali, E. M. Bennett, and M. B. Zurek. 2005. Millennium ecosystem assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-being. ScenariosIsland Press.
A. J. Bond, and A. 2011. Morrison-Saunders. "Re-evaluating Sustainability Assessment: aligning the vision and the practice." Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 1-7.
B. walker, and d. salt. 2006. Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World. washington: island press.
C. Folke, 2006. "Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social- ecological system analyses." Global Environmental Change, pp. 253-267.
L. Gunderson, A. Kinzig, A. Quinlan, and B. Walker. 2010. Resilience Alliance. Assessing Resilience in social-ecological systems: Workbook for practitioners. Version 2.0. http://www.resalliance.org/3871.php
C. S. Holling, and L H. Gunderson. 2002. "Resilience and adaptive cycles. In: L H Gunderson and C SHolling (editors). Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems."
ODPM, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister., 2005. The Strategic Environmental Assessment directive: guidance for planning authorities. London: ODPM.