تشخیص مولکولی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس مقاوم به متی سیلین مولد انتروتوکسین A در شیرینیهای خامهای در شهرستان کرج در سال1395
محورهای موضوعی : میکروبیولوژی مواد غذایی
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد میکروبیولوژی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
2 - استادیار میکروبیولوژی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس مقاوم به , انتروتوکسین A, ژن nuc, ژن mec, ژن sea, شیرینی خامه ای,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: انتروتوکسینهای استافیلوکوکوسی متعلق به خانوادهای از اگزوتوکسینهای استافیلوکوکوسی و استرپتوکوکوسی با بیش از بیست عضو هستند که از نظر عملکردی با یکدیگر مرتبط بوده و دارای همسانی و شباهت توالی میباشند. این پروتئینهای باکتریایی، میتوژن بوده و عامل ایجاد بیماریهای انسانی شاخصی از قبیل مسمومیتهای غذایی هستند. این مطالعه با هدف جداسازی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس مولد انتروتوکسین A از شیرینیهای خامهای به انجام رسید. مواد و روشها: در این مطالعه مشاهده ای- توصیفی، نمونهگیری از 50 مرکز عرضه شیرینی خامهای در شهرکرج از اواسط مردادماه تا اوایل بهمن ماه 95 صورت گرفت. پس از تهیه رقتهای متوالی از شیرینیها، بر روی محیط برد پارکر آگار کشت داده شدند. پس از 48 ساعت انکوباسیون در 37 درجه سلسیوس، کلنیهای واجد هاله سیاه رنگ، انتخاب شدند. پس از رشد بر روی محیط بلاد آگار، حساسیت جدایهها نسبت به آنتیبیوتیک اگزاسیلین به روش دیسک دیفیوژن تعیین گردید و حضور ژنهایsea, nuc و mecA با استفاده از آزمون PCR بررسی شد. یافتهها: در مجموع، بر اساس نتایج کشت، 8 نمونه از 50 نمونه (%16)، دارای آلودگی به استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس بودند. با استفاده از روش PCR، ژن nuc، در14 نمونه (%28)، ژن mecAو ژن sea بهترتیب در 5 نمونه (%10)، 3 نمونه (%6) شناسایی گردیدند. نتیجهگیری :درصد قابل توجهاستافیلوکوکوساورئوس مقاوم به متی سیلین مولد انتروتوکسین Aدر مواد غذایی، بخصوص در شیرینی خامهای که محیط مغذی جهت رشد باکتریها محسوب میشود یک هشدار جدی در ارتباط با بهداشت عمومی جامعه است.
Introduction: Staphylococcal enterotoxins are members of a family of more than 20 different staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins that are functionally related and share corresponding gene sequence homology. These bacterial proteins are known to be mitogen and are responsible for significant human diseases including food poisoning. The aim of this study was to detect the enterotoxin A producing Staphylococcus aureus in profiteroles.Materials and Methods: Sampling was carried out from 50 confectionaries in Karaj from mid-August 2016 to February 2017. Serial dilutions from each sample were prepared and cultured on Baird parker agar. After 48 hours incubation at 37ºC, black colonies were selected. Following transfer to blood agar, susceptibility of isolates to oxacillin was determined using disc diffusion method and presence of nuc, mecA and sea genes was checked using PCR.Results: In total, based on culture results 8 out of 50 samples (16%) had Staphylococcus aureus contamination. PCR method results showed the presence of nuc gene in 14 (28%) of the samples, mecA gene and sea gene in 5 (10%), 3 (6%) of the samples respectively.Conclusion: Remarkable frequency of enterotoxin A producing MRSA isolates in different foods and specially profiteroles as an enrichment medium for growth and toxin production of bacteria, is a warning for public health.
Adwan, GH., Abu-Shanab, B. & Adwan, K. (2006). Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk in the North of Palestine. Turkish Journal of Biology, 29, 229-232.
Akineden, O., Hassan, AA., Schneider, E. & Usleber, E. (2008). Enterotoxigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goats’ milk cheese. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 124 (2), 211-6.
Anvari, SH., Sattari, M., Forozandeh Moghadam, M., Najarpeerayeh, SH. & Fouladi, I. (2008). Detection of staphylococcus aureus entrotoxin A to E from Clinical sample by PCR. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3, 826-829.
Aydin, A., Sudagidan, M. & Muratoglu, K. (2011). Prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxins, toxin genes and genetic-relatedness of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in the Marmara Region of Turkey. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 148 (2), 99-106.
Baddour, M., AbuElKheir, M. & Fatani, G. (2007). Comparison of mecA polymerase
chain reaction with phenotypic methods for the detection of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. Current Microbiology, 55 (6), 473-479.
Becker, K., Roth, R. & Peters, G. (1998). Rapid and specific detection of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus: use of two multiplex PCR enzyme immunoassays for amplification and hybridization of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, exfoliative toxin genes, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 36, 2548–2553.
Brakstad, O. G., Aasbakk, K. & Maeland, J. A. (1992). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30, 1654-1660.
Broekema, N., Van, T., Monson, T., Marshall, S. & Warshauer, D. (2009). Comparison of cefoxitin and oxacillin disk diffusion methods for detection of mecA-mediated resistance in staphylococcus aureus
in a large-scale study Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47 (1), 217-219.
Bystronj Bania, J., Zarczynska, A., Korzekwa, K., Molenda, J. & Kosek-paszkowska, K. (2006). Detection of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Using a Commercial ELISA and Multiplex-PCR. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 50(50), 329-333.
Carrol, K. C., Hobden, J. A., Miller, S., Morse, S. A., Mietzner, T. A. & Detrick, B. (2016). Jawetz-Melnick, & Adelberg, s Medical Microbiology. New York, McGraw Hill.
Cremonesi, P., Luzzana, M., Brasca, M., Morandi, S., Lodi, R. & Vimercati, C. (2005). Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic strains isolated from milk and dairy products: Molecular and Cellular Probes, 19(5), 299-305.
Desai, B. & Kamat, M. Y. (1998). Recovery and characterization of entrotoxigenic strains of staphylococci and microbiological quality of processed Indian foods. Journal of Food Science Technology, 35, 461-465.
Edwin, C., Tatini, S. R. & Maheswaran, S. K. (1986). Specificity and cross-reactivity of staphylococcal enterotoxin A monoclonal antibodies with enterotoxins B, C1, D, and E. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 52(6), 1253-7.
Ertas, N., Gonulalan, Z., Yildirim, Y. & Kum, E. (2010). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins in Sheep Cheese and Dairy Desserts by Multiplex PCR Technique. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 15, 142(1-2):74-77.
Holeckova, B., Holoda, E., Fotta, M., Kalinacova, V., Gondol, J. & Grolmus, J. (2002). Occurrence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in food. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 9, 179-182.
Hosseini Jazani, N. & Zartosht, M. (2012). Determination of the Rate of methicillin resistant and enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in different kinds of creamy pastries sold in pastry shops in Urmia. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian and 2nd International Congress of Microbiology, 14-16. [In Persian].
Imani-Fooladi, A. A., Riazipour, M. & Sattari, M. (2010). Molecular and serological detection of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus from traditionally dairy products. Journal Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 11(4), 19-27. [In Persian].
Imani Fooladi, A. A., Tavakoli, H. R. & Naderi, A. (2010). Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates in domestic dairy products. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 2, 135-40. [In Persian].
Jay, J. M., Loessner, M. J. & Golden, D. A. (2007). Modern food microbiology. 7 ed: Springer Science & Business Media.
Kateete, D. P., Kimani, C. N., Katabazi, F. A., Okeng, A., Okee, M. S. & Nanteza, A. (2010). Identification of Staphylococcus aureus: DNase and Mannitol salt agar improve the efficiency of the tube coagulase test. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 9(1):23.
Klevens, R., Morisson, M., Nadle, J. & Petit, S. (2007). Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association,298, 15-20.
Mirzabeygi, P. F., Rahbar, M., Arasteh, H., Faramarzi, T., Razavi Afzal, A. & Ahmadi, A. (2008). Study of Staphylococcus auraus contamination in dairy and confectionery products from west of tehran., 9th Iranian congress of microbiology. [In Persian].
Monday, S. R., Bohach, G. S. & Clin, J. (1999). Use of multiplex PCR to detect classical and newly described pyrogenic toxin genes in Staohylococcal isolates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37(10), 3411.
Najera-Sanchez, G., Maldonado-Rodriguez, R., Ruiz Olvera, P. & Garza, LM. (2003). Development of two multiplex polymerase chain reactions for the detection of enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foods: Journal of Food Protection, 66(6), 1055-62.
Nikniaz, Z., Mahdavi, R., Jalilzadeh, H. & Vahed Jabbari, M. (2011). Evaluation of microbial contamination in cream filled pastries distributed in Tabriz confectionaries. Journal of Nutrition and Food Technology, 8(1), 66-71. [In Persian].
Normanno, G. La., Salandra, G., Dambrosio, A., Quaglia, N. C., Corrente, M. & Parisi, A. (2007). Occurrence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and dairy products. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 115(3), 290-296.
Rosec, J. & Gigaud, O. (2002). Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes of classical and new types detected by PCR in France. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 77, 61-70.
Ryffel, C., Tesch, W., Birch-Machin, I., Reynolds, P. E., Barberis-Maino, L. & Kayser, F. H. (1990). Sequence comparison of mecA genes isolated from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Gene, 94(1), 137-138.
Shadan, M., Khoshabi, F., Shahraki, M. & Safari, F. (2007). The evaluation of microbial quality of cream filled pastries in Zahedan confectioneries. Jundishapur Journal of Public Health, 1, 84-87.
Soltan Dallal, MM., Fazelifard, P., Tabatabaei Bafroei, A., Rashidi, S. & Zarrin, M. (2010). Determination the rate of microbial contamination of cream pastry from confectionaries in south of Tehran. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2(6), 7-11.
Zhang, K., Sparling, J., Chow, B. L., Elsayed, S., Hussain, Z. & Church, D. L. (2004). New quadriplex PCR assay for detection of methicillin and mupirocin resistance and simultaneous discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42(11), 4947-4955.
_||_