بررسی اسیدهای چرب و ترکیب عضله ماهی سفید دریای خزر ( Rutilus frisii ) در شرق و غرب مازندران در زمستان و بهار
محورهای موضوعی : میکروبیولوژی مواد غذاییمهدی تیرنیتلی 1 , محمدکاظم خالصی 2 , سهراب کوهستان اسکندری 3
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری ، ایران
3 - مربی گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
کلید واژه: اسید چرب, ترکیب بیوشیمیایی, ساری, ماهی سفید, نوشهر,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: ماهیسفید دریای خزر ) Rutilus frisii ( از لحاظ مصرف اهمیت بالایی دارد. از آنجا که ترکیب بیوشیمیایی و اسیدهای چرب عضلهماهی میتواند متاثر از محل صید باشد، هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تغییرات ترکیب اسیدهای چرب و ترکیبات فیله ماهی سفید در دو ساحلشرق )ساری( و غرب )نوشهر( دریای خزر در فصول زمستان و بهار است.مواد و روشها: تعداد 6 قطعه از هر جنس ماهی سفید در شرق )ساری( و غرب )نوشهر( استان مازندارن در زمستان و بهار خریداری شد.اسیدهای چرب به روش ترانس آمیلیشن و با کمک کروماتوگرافی گازی شناسایی، و ترکیبات عضله با دستگاه سوکسله و روشهای استانداردتعیین شدند.یافتهها: اسیدهای چرب استئاریک اسید، اولئیک اسید و DHA در ماهی نر ساری در زمستان با تفاوت معناداری نسبت به سایر اسیدهایچرب، بیشترین بودند ) 05 / 0p < (. مجموع اسیدهای چرب در ماهیان سفید نر و ماده نوشهر و ماهیان نر ساری در بهار به طور چشمگیریکمتر از بقیه موارد برآورد شد و ماهیان سفید نر و ماده نوشهر در زمستان حاوی مقادیر نسبتا بالاتری از کل اسیدهای چرب بودند. حداکثرمقادیر DHA در هردو جنس، هر دو فصل و هر دو منطقه بیشتر از EPA برآورد گردید. درصدهای SFA در هر دو جنس و منطقه در زمستانبالاتر از بهار بودند در حالی که PUFA در هر دو جنس و منطقه درصدهای بالاتری در بهار نسبت به زمستان داشتند. درصد کل ω-3 ها درنمونههای زمستان نوشهر ) 12 / %41 ( بالاتر از ساری ) 91 / %30 (، و در نمونههای بهار ساری ) 27 / %55 ( بیشتر از نوشهر ) 29 / %17 ( بود. کمتریننسبت مجموع نسبت ω-3/ω-6 در ماهیان سفید ماده ساری ) 12 / 3 ( در زمستان و نر نوشهر ) 23 / 3( در بهار بدست آمد. بیشترین نسبتPUFA/SFA در ماهیان سفید ماده ساری ) 9 / 1 ( و ماده نوشهر ) 74 / 0( به ترتیب در بهار و زمستان برآورد گردید. ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی عضلهماهیان نر و ماده در دو فصل و منطقه مختلف تفاوت معنیداری نداشتند ) 05 / 0p > .)نتیجهگیری: ماهیان صید شده در زمستان اسیدهای چرب )مخصوصاً DHA و EPA ( بیشتری در عضله داشتند و بنابر این برای مصارفانسانی دارای اهمیت بیشتری هستند. دو منطقه، دو فصل، و دو جنس مختلف بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیان سفید دریای خزر اثراتبارزی دارند.
Introduction: Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) is of great importance among consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the fatty acid profiles of fish caught in east of Sari and west of Noshahr. Materials and Methods: The studied fish (three fish from each gender) were purchased in winter and spring from Sari Shahid Beheshti Cooperative and the Veterans Cooperative of Noshahr (east and west of Mazandaran province, respectively). Biochemical analysis and fatty acid profile were determined by the application of gas chromatography using standard methods. Results: Stearic acid, oleic acid, and DHA were the highest in Sari in winter being the significantly different from other fatty acids (p < 0.05). Total fatty acids in male and female fish from Noshahr and male fish from Sari were significantly lower in spring than in the others, and male and female fish from Nowshahr contained relatively higher total fatty acids in winter. Maximum DHA values were higher than EPA in both sexes, seasons, and regions. The chemical composition of male and female fish did not differ significantly in both seasons and regions (p > 0.05). SFA percentages in both sexes and regions were generally higher in winter than in spring, while PUFA percentages in both sexes and regions were higher in spring than in winter. The percentage of ω-3 fatty acids (41.12%) in winter samples of Noshahr was higher than that (30.91%) in Sari, and it was higher in spring samples of Sari (55.27%) than that of Noshahr (17.29%). The lowest total ratios of ω-3/ω-6 were obtained in Sari (3.12) in male fish in winter and in Noshahr (3.23) in spring. The highest PUFA/SFA ratios were observed in Sari (1.9) and Noshahr (0.74) kutum in spring and winter, respectively. Conclusion: Fish examined in winter contained more fatty acids (especially DHA and EPA) in the muscle and are therefore more important for human consumption. The two regions, two seasons, and two sexes had significant effects on body biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of Caspian Sea kutum.
content of selected marine fish in Malaysian waters. Food Chernistry, 73, 55-60.
Abdolmaleki, Sh., Ghani Nejad, D., Sayad Boorani, M., Bandani, Gh. & Pourgholami, A. (2004). Evaluation of Rutilus frissi kutum stocks during the catch season of 2003-2004 on the Iranian shores of the Caspian Sea. Indoor Waters Research Institute, Bandar Anzali, 113 p [In Persian].
Abu Mahboob, P. & Mousavi Nodoshan, R. (2017). Fatty acids profile and levels in farmed fish in Samen Al-Aemeh pond in Qom. Research in Marine Science and Technology, 12(4), 35-43 [In Persian].
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Adeli, Y. (1994). Cyprinids and Percids of the southern and central Caspian Sea basin (population structure, ecology, distribution, and strategies for stock regeneration). Guilan Fisheries Research Center, Bandar Anzali, 44 p [In Persian].
Akpinar, M. A., Görgün, S. & Akpinar, A. E. (2009). A comparative analysis of the fatty acid profiles in the liver and muscles of male and female Salmo trutta macrostigma. Food Chemistry, 112, 6–8.
Alasalvar, C., Taylor, K. D. A., Zubcov, E., Shahidi, F. & Alexis, M. (2002). Differentiation of cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): total lipid content, fatty acid and trace mineral composition. Food Chemistry, 79, 145-150.
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Arts, M. T., Ackman, R. G. & Holub, B. J. (2001). Essential fatty acids”in aquatic ecosystems: a crucial link between diet and human health and evolution. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58, 122–137.
Bandarra, N. M., Batista, I., Nunes, M.L., Empis, J. M. & Christie, W. W. (1997). Seasonal changes in lipid composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Journal of Food Science, 62(1), 40-42.
Coad, B. W. & Vilenkin, B. Ya. (2005). Co-occurrence and zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 31, 53-61.
Danesh Khosh Asl, A. (1997). The effect of Rutilus frissi kutum release on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of its stocks in the Caspian Sea. Guilan Fisheries Research Center, Bandar Anzali, 20 p [In Persian].
Dey, S., Misra, K. K. & Sumit, H. (2017). Reviewing Nutritional Quality of Small Freshwater Fish Species. American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 5(1), 19-27.
Emre, Y., Uysal, K., Pak, F., Emre, N. & Kavasoğlu, M. (2014). Seasonal and sexual
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Engardeh, J., Mehrjerdi, A. & Saei Dehkordi, S. (2011). Comparison of nutritional composition and fatty acid profile of Capoeta damascina Valenciennes grown in saltwater and freshwater. PhD Thesis, 105 p [In Persian].
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Görgün, S. & Akpinar, M. A. (2012). Effect of season on the fatty acid composition of the liver and muscle of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772) from Tödürge Lake (Sivas, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology 36(5), 691-698.
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Hedayati Fard, M. & Nemati, S. (2009). Changes in the fatty acids of Rutilus frissi kutum and golden mullet (Liza aurata) eggs of the Caspian Sea under the salting process. Fisheries Journal, 3(2) [In Persian].
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Abdolmaleki, Sh., Ghani Nejad, D., Sayad Boorani, M., Bandani, Gh. & Pourgholami, A. (2004). Evaluation of Rutilus frissi kutum stocks during the catch season of 2003-2004 on the Iranian shores of the Caspian Sea. Indoor Waters Research Institute, Bandar Anzali, 113 p [In Persian].
Abu Mahboob, P. & Mousavi Nodoshan, R. (2017). Fatty acids profile and levels in farmed fish in Samen Al-Aemeh pond in Qom. Research in Marine Science and Technology, 12(4), 35-43 [In Persian].
Ackman, R. G. (1990). Seafood lipids and fatty acids. Food Reviews International, 6(4), 617-646.
Adburakhmanov, Y. A. (1962). Fish of freshwater bodies of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan SSR AS Press. 224 p.
Adeli, Y. (1994). Cyprinids and Percids of the southern and central Caspian Sea basin (population structure, ecology, distribution, and strategies for stock regeneration). Guilan Fisheries Research Center, Bandar Anzali, 44 p [In Persian].
Akpinar, M. A., Görgün, S. & Akpinar, A. E. (2009). A comparative analysis of the fatty acid profiles in the liver and muscles of male and female Salmo trutta macrostigma. Food Chemistry, 112, 6–8.
Alasalvar, C., Taylor, K. D. A., Zubcov, E., Shahidi, F. & Alexis, M. (2002). Differentiation of cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): total lipid content, fatty acid and trace mineral composition. Food Chemistry, 79, 145-150.
AOAC International (2005). Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International. AOCS, Champaign, USA (metabolism).
Arts, M. T., Ackman, R. G. & Holub, B. J. (2001). Essential fatty acids”in aquatic ecosystems: a crucial link between diet and human health and evolution. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58, 122–137.
Bandarra, N. M., Batista, I., Nunes, M.L., Empis, J. M. & Christie, W. W. (1997). Seasonal changes in lipid composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Journal of Food Science, 62(1), 40-42.
Coad, B. W. & Vilenkin, B. Ya. (2005). Co-occurrence and zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 31, 53-61.
Danesh Khosh Asl, A. (1997). The effect of Rutilus frissi kutum release on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of its stocks in the Caspian Sea. Guilan Fisheries Research Center, Bandar Anzali, 20 p [In Persian].
Dey, S., Misra, K. K. & Sumit, H. (2017). Reviewing Nutritional Quality of Small Freshwater Fish Species. American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 5(1), 19-27.
Emre, Y., Uysal, K., Pak, F., Emre, N. & Kavasoğlu, M. (2014). Seasonal and sexual
variations of fatty acid composition in fillet of Capoeta erhani. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 2(6), 313-318.
Emre Uysal, K., Y., Emre, N., Kavasoğlu, M. & Aktaş, Ö. (2018). Seasonal and Sexual Variations of Total Protein, Fat and Fatty Acid Composition of an Endemic Freshwater Fish Species (Capoeta antalyensis). Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 33(1), 6-10.
Engardeh, J., Mehrjerdi, A. & Saei Dehkordi, S. (2011). Comparison of nutritional composition and fatty acid profile of Capoeta damascina Valenciennes grown in saltwater and freshwater. PhD Thesis, 105 p [In Persian].
Eroldoğan, O. T., Turchini, G. M., Yılmaz, H. A., Taşbozan, O., Engin, K., Ölçülü, A., Özşahinoğlu, I. & Mumoğullarında, P. (2012). Potential of cottonseed oil as fish oil replacer in European sea bass feed formulation, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12, 787-797.
Görgün, S. & Akpinar, M. A. (2012). Effect of season on the fatty acid composition of the liver and muscle of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772) from Tödürge Lake (Sivas, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology 36(5), 691-698.
Guler, G. O., Kiztanir, B., Aktumsek, A., Citil, O. B. & Ozparlak, H. (2007). Determination of the seasonal changes on total fatty acid composition and ω3/ω6 ratios of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) muscle lipids in Beysehir Lake (Turkey). Food Chemistry, 108(2), 689-694.
Hedayati Fard, M. & Nemati, S. (2009). Changes in the fatty acids of Rutilus frissi kutum and golden mullet (Liza aurata) eggs of the Caspian Sea under the salting process. Fisheries Journal, 3(2) [In Persian].
HMSO U. K. (1994). Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease (report on health and socialsubjects. No.46) London.
Ibarz, A., Blasco, J., Beltrán, M., Gallardo, M. A., Sánchez, J., Sala, R. & Fernández-Borràs, J. (2005). Cold-induced alterations on proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of several tissues in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture 249, 477-486.
Jalili, S. (2008). The effect of refrigeration time on protein changes and damage to fatty acids in Rutilus frisii kutum from the Caspian Sea during refrigeration storage. Ph.D. Thesis in Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch [In Persian].
Jorjani S., Qelichi, A. & Baghdadi, A. (2014) Effects of complete replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils on growth parameters, feed efficiency, and muscle fatty acid profile of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Aquaculture Development, (3), 13-30 [In Persian].
Khosravi, N. (2011). A study on growth, activity of digestive enzymes, and composition of fatty acids and amino acids in Rutilus frisii kutum during larval development stages. MSc Thesis in Fisheries, Tarbiat Modares University [In Persian].
Kiabi, B. H., Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. (1999). Status of the fish fauna in the South Caspian Basin of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 18(1), 57-65.
Kinsella, J. E., Lokesh, B. & Stone, R. A. (1990). Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and amelioration of cardiovascular disease: possible mechanisms. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 52(1), 1-28.
Komova, N. I. (2001). Dynamics of the biological composition of tissues in Abramis brama (Cyprinidae) at gonad maturation. Journal of Ichthyology, 41(4), 334-342.
Leger, C., Bergot, P., Lekuet, P., Flanzy, J. & Meurot, J. (1977). Specifik distribution of fatty acids in the triglycerides of rainbow trout adipose tissue. Influence of Temperature Lipids, 12, 538–543.
Liang, K., Zhang, Q., Gu, M. & Cong, W., (2013). Effect of phosphorus on lipid accumulation in freshwater microalga Chlorella sp. Journal of Applied Phycology, 25(1), 311–318.
Love, R. M. (1976). The chemical biology of fishes, London, translated under the title Khimicheskayabiologiya ryb, Moscow: Nauka.
Mohammadi Baghmalaei, M., Nikpour, H. & Valaei, N. (1996). The composition of fatty acids in Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea fishes during 1995. Fourth Iranian Congress on Nutrition, Food Security, From Science to Practice, Tehran [In Persian].
Mukhopadhyay, T. & Ghosh, S. (2007). Lipid Profile and Fatty Acid Composition of Two Silurid Fish Eggs. Journal of Oleo Science, 56-8
Olsson, G. B., Olsen, R. L., Carlehög, M. & Ofstad, R. (2002). Seasonal variations in chemical and sensory characteristics of farmed and wild Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Aquaculture, 217(1), 191-205.
Osman N. H., Suriah A. R. & Law E. C. (2001). Fatty acid composition and cholesterol
Özyurt, G. & Polat, A. (2005). Amino acid and fatty acid composition of wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a seasonal differentiation. European Food Research and Technology, 222(3-4), pp. 316-320.
Panetsos, A. (1978). Hygieneof foods of animal origin. Thessaloniki: D. Gartaganis. 221
Perez, M. J., Rodriguez, C., Cejas, J. R., Martín, M. V., Jerez, S. & Lorenzo, A. (2007). Lipid and fatty acid content in wild white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) broodstock in different stages of the reproductive cycle. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 146, 187-196.
Razavi Sayad, B. (1995). The fish Rutilus frissi kutum. Iranian Fisheries Research Institute. 165 p [In Persian].
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