شناخت ظرفیت ها و چالش های مدیریت مصرف آب در گیاه بادام زمینی (مطالعه مروری)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری
1 - بخش تحقیقات مدیریت آب در مزرعه، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
کلید واژه: بهره وری, دانه روغنی, مدیریت آب, شاخص برداشت,
چکیده مقاله :
کشاورزی اصلی ترین و مهم ترین منبع تأمین مواد غذایی در دنیا به شمار می رود، از این رو نقش به سزایی در ایجاد تعادل در امنیت غذایی، اجتماعی و حتی سیاسی کشورهای جهان دارد. یکی از مؤثرترین راهکارهای مقابله با بحران آب و افزایش کمی و کیفی تولیدات در بخش کشاورزی، توجه جدی به بهره وری آب کشاورزی و ارتقای آن با اعمال روش ها و سیاست های حکیمانه و کارآمد می باشد. ارتقای بهره وری آب، نیازمند مدیریتی هوشمندانه است که ابزارها و روش ها را به خوبی شناسایی کند و با توجه به شرایط، بهترین آن ها را انتخاب و تلاش های لازم را در استفاده از آن ها فراهم نماید. مدیریت آبیاری با رویکرد استفاده مناسب از منابع آب می تواند به عنوان نوعی مدیریت آب در مزرعه به افزایش سطح زیر کشت و مصرف بهینه کمک کند. در ایران، بقولات در تأمین انرژی افراد جامعه نقش به سزایی دارند و سعی شده است که افزایش بهره وری مصرف آب با مساله تولید و خودکفایی کشور متناسب باشد. تعیین و تحلیل شاخص ها و ظرفیت های بهره وری آب می تواند راهکار مناسبی جهت سیاست گذاری های درست برای تولید محصول بادام زمینی در راستای حصول حداکثر سود، توسعه پایدار، امنیت تولید و اشتغال و موجبات صادرات و ارزآوری با توجه به پتانسیل بالای آن شود. اما در این میان نمی توان تنها به بهره وری مصرف آب در جهت تعیین مصرف اکتفا کرد. پژوهش حاضر، ارتباط مقدار آب مصرفی و عملکرد محصول، تاثیر کم آبیاری بر عملکرد و اثر روش های مختلف آبیاری و بهره وری مصرف آب در بادام زمینی، شاخص برداشت در شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش آبی و همچنین اهمیت مدیریت های مختلف آبیاری در زمان کمبود آب در بادام زمینی را به صورت تفضیلی ارائه می نماید.
Agriculture is the main and most important source of food supply in the world; therefore, it is an important role in creating a balance in the food, social and even political security of the countries of the world. One of the most effective solutions to deal with the water crisis and increase the quantity and quality of production in the agricultural sector is to pay serious attention to the productivity of agricultural water and improve it by applying wise and efficient methods and policies. Improving water productivity requires a smart management that identifies the tools and methods well and selects the best ones according to the conditions and provides the necessary efforts in their use. Irrigation management with the approach of appropriate use of water resources can help to increase the area under cultivation and optimal consumption as a type of water management in the field. In Iran, pulses are a significant role in providing energy to the people of the society, and it has been tried to increase the water use productivity in proportion to the production and self-sufficiency of the country. Determining and analyzing the indicators and capacities of water productivity can be a suitable solution for making the right policies for the production of peanut in order to achieve maximum profit, sustainable development, production and employment security and export and currency earning considering its high potential. But in the meantime, it is not possible to be satisfied only with the water use productivity in order to determine the consumption. The current research is about the relationship between the amount of water consumed and the yield of the crop, the effect of deficit irrigation on the yield and the effect of different irrigation methods and the water use productivity in peanut, the harvest index in the conditions of full irrigation and water stress as well as the importance of different irrigation managements in the time of water shortage in peanut is presented in a complete manner.
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