تبیین شاخصهای سنجش عدالت اجتماعی در معماری مسکن
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
مرجان جناب
1
(دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد پردیس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پردیس، ایران)
حدیثه کامران کسمایی
2
(استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی تمام وقت، گروه معماری، واحد پردیس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پردیس، ایران)
احمد میرزا کوچک خوشنویس
3
(استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی تمام وقت، پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: مسکن عدالت محور, عدالت اجتماعی, مسکن اجتماعی, عدالت فضایی,
چکیده مقاله :
عدالت اجتماعی از مهمترین حقوق شهروندی محسوب میشده اما تاکنون تعریف جامعی از آن در معماری مسکن ارائه نگردیده است. هدف این پژوهش، تبیین وپالایش شاخصهای سنجش عدالت اجتماعی در معماری مسکن ایران بوده است. پژوهش با هدف کاربردی، به روش ترکیبی کیفی و کمی با کمک تکنینک دلفی و تحلیل سلسله مراتبی انجام شده است. پس از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و تحلیل آراء فلاسفه شرق و غرب و تطبیق آن با دیدگاه معماران معاصر از الگوی بومی سکونت، شاخصها در پنج حوزه: مفهومی، کالبدی، اقلیمی، اجتماعی و بصری دسته‌بندی شده اند. نهایتاً معیارها از طریق پرسشنامه میان صاحب‌نظران اعتبارسنجی گردیده و نتایج پژوهش نشان داده است که: دسترسی واحدها به نور، تهویه و منظر مناسب، پیش بینی فضاهایی برای معلولین، توجه به سلسله‌مراتب فضایی، انعطاف‌پذیری و مشارکت ساکنین درروند توسعه مجموعه مسکونی و تنوع فضاهای مشاع، امنیت فضا و متراژ متنوع واحدها مهمترین عوامل ارتقا عدالت اجتماعی در معماری مسکونی ایران می‌باشند.
Social justice has always been one of the most critical citizenship rights. Although spatial justice offered new interpretations in urban planning, it has not been comprehensively defined in housing architecture. The purpose of this study is to obtain indigenous definitions and explain the indicators of measuring social justice in Iranian housing architecture. This research has been done to combine qualitative and quantitative methods with the Weighting model of variables with the help of SPSS software and hierarchical analysis. The theoretical approach was based on the indexing method. First, the library-documentary studies, by reviewing the texts and library documents, the different definitions of Eastern and Western philosophers from the concept of social justice have been studied, and related materials have been extracted from reliable sources. In the other part, the views of contemporary Iranian architects regarding the indigenous pattern of Iranian settlement were examined. Then, by a comparative study of spatial justice indicators and critical factors of housing patterns in Iran, the most important factors affecting the measurement of spatial justice in Iranian housing were obtained. Indicators of social justice in Iranian housing were classified into five categories: conceptual, physical, climatic, social-cultural and, visual aesthetics. Physical categories such as symmetry in the plan, geometric form of blocks, variability in the unit area and, the type of proximity of residential blocks have been studied. Conceptual categories were assessed with questions about spatial hierarchy, flexibility within residential units, resident participation, and space security. Environmental and climatic variables were assessed with questions related to light, ventilation and landscape, balcony, area and, variety of common spaces. Social and cultural indicators were assessed by factors such as the existence of shared service spaces, the social interactions in the open spaces of the complexes, privacy, prediction of units and spaces for the disabled, and for the visual factor items such as the variety of block form, use of decorations, Facade and, the effect of building height, uniformity and uniformity of blocks were evaluated. Finally, the criteria were validated through a questionnaire between professors and experts. The results showed: Units' access to sunlight, proper ventilation, and landscape, provision of spaces for the disabled, attention to spatial hierarchy, flexibility and participation of residents in the development of the residential complex and diversity of common spaces, space security, and diverse area are the most important factors in promoting spatial justice in residential architecture and the use of decorations on the facade in social housing received the lowest score. To conclude, while there are several expressions about social justice, we tried to put spatial justice on a scale, which is the scope of architects, with the help of criteria. These indicators can be effective in creating a conceptual model for creating future spaces. This is done to improve the quality of urban life of vulnerable citizens in social housing. In the hope that in addition to creating physical spaces as a shelter, we can further consider social justice, which has a direct impact on increasing citizens' satisfaction.
https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=260210
https://hoviatshahr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_9225.html
https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/just-sustainabilities
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242072460_Planning_and_the_Just_City
https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/seeking-spatial-justice
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