شناسایی عوامل کلیدی تابآوری کالبدی سکونتگاه غیررسمی در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: محله شهید معقول شهر مشهد)
محورهای موضوعی : مسائل اجتماعی و مطالعات مولفه های توسعه پایدار
مهدی طالب علم
1
,
سید مسلم سید الحسینی
2
,
عمیدالاسلام ثقه الاسلامی
3
,
مریم دانشور
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مشهد، ایران
2 - استاد، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: تابآوری, تابآوری کالبدی, زلزله, سکونتگاه غیررسمی, محله شهید معقول,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: سکونتگاههای غیررسمی بهعنوان یکی از آسیبپذیرترین بافتهای شهری در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی نظیر زلزله، نیازمند توجه ویژه و راهکارهای علمی دقیق برای ارتقای تابآوری کالبدی هستند. این بافتها به دلیل ضعف در کیفیت ساختوساز، فقدان زیرساختهای مناسب و نبود برنامهریزی شهری اصولی، در معرض خطرات جدی قرار دارند. عدم وجود الگوی جامع و ساختاریافته برای سنجش و بهبود تابآوری کالبدی این بافتها، ضرورت انجام پژوهشهای هدفمند در این حوزه را دوچندان کرده است.
مواد و روشها: روش تحقیق بر پایه رویکرد کمی و استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی برای شناسایی ابعاد و مؤلفههای تابآوری کالبدی استوار است. همچنین از فن دیمتل جهت تعیین میزان اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری متغیرها و شناسایی عوامل کلیدی و محوری در ارتقای تابآوری استفادهشده است.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که تابآوری کالبدی در چهار بُعد اصلی شامل تابآوری ساختاری-زیرساختی، محیطی-جغرافیایی، مدیریتی-خدماتی و نهادی-اجتماعی قابل تبیین است. بُعد ساختاری-زیرساختی با عواملی نظیر دسترسی به تجهیزات ایمنی محلی، مدیریت پسماند و زهکشی شهری و مقاومت سازهای ساختمانها بالاترین اولویت را در تقویت تابآوری داشته است. تحلیل دی متل نیز نشان داد که این بُعد بیشترین تأثیرگذاری را بر سایر ابعاد دارد.
نتیجهگیری: بهبود تابآوری کالبدی سکونتگاههای غیررسمی مستلزم اتخاذ رویکرد یکپارچه در تقویت زیرساختها، ارتقای کیفیت ساختوساز و توسعه سامانههای مدیریت بحران است. مدل چهاربُعدی ارائهشده در این پژوهش برای نخستین بار ابعاد مختلف تابآوری را در قالب چارچوب یکپارچه و قابلسنجش تعریف کرده و میتواند بهعنوان ابزاری کاربردی در برنامهریزی و سیاستگذاری شهری مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.
Introduction: Informal settlements, as one of the most vulnerable urban fabrics against natural hazards such as earthquakes, require special attention and precise scientific solutions to enhance physical resilience.
Objective: The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze the key factors of physical resilience in the informal settlement of Shahid Maghool neighborhood against earthquakes and to provide practical solutions for their improvement. .
Materials and Methods: The research method is based on a quantitative approach using exploratory factor analysis to identify the dimensions and components of physical resilience. Additionally, the DEMATEL technique has been employed to determine the degree of influence and susceptibility of variables and to identify key and pivotal factors in enhancing resilience.
Findings: The results showed that physical resilience can be explained through four main dimensions: structural-infrastructural resilience, environmental-geographical resilience, managerial-service resilience, and institutional-social resilience. The structural-infrastructural dimension, with factors such as access to local safety equipment, waste management and urban drainage, and structural resistance of buildings, had the highest priority in strengthening resilience..
Conclusion: Improving the physical resilience of informal settlements requires adopting an integrated approach in strengthening infrastructure, upgrading construction quality, and developing crisis management systems. The four-dimensional model presented in this research defines different dimensions of resilience within an integrated and measurable framework for the first time and can be used as a practical tool in urban planning and policymaking.
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