Effect of Different Levels of Guanidinoacetic Acid and Lysine Supplementation on Performance, Blood Parameters, Carcass Characteristics and Myogenin Gene Expression of Arian Broilers
محورهای موضوعی :B. Aghayari Far 1 , A.A. Saki 2 , M.H. Nemati 3 , A. Hosseini 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 - Advanced Materials Research Center, Faculty of Materials Engineering, NajafabadBranch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
کلید واژه: boilers, blood metabolites, guanodinoacetic acid, L-lysine,
چکیده مقاله :
This study investigates the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and high levels of lysine supplementation on performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, and myogenin gene expression (MYOG) in broiler chickens. A total of six hundred Arian day-old broiler chickens were arranged in a completely ran-domized design with a factorial arrangement, comprising 8 treatments, 5 replicates, and 15 chicks in each. Treatments included four levels of GAA (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g/kg diet) and two levels of L-lysine (the Na-tional Research Council (NRC) recommended level and 20% higher than the NRC recommendation [Lys20]). The results showed that a significant effect on increasing body weight and improving the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 0.3 g/kg GAA in diet (P<0.05). A significantly reduced feed intake and im-proved FCR by 20% increase lysine levels in the diet. The significant effect on body weight gain, reduced feed intake, and improved FCR (P<0.05) were observed by 0.3 g/kg GAA along with Lys20. In addition, significantly increased in breast muscle percentage (P<0.05). Blood parameters indicated that increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by adding 1.2 g/kg GAA in diet, while increased HDL levels by Lys20 in this respect. The results showed that the highest level of MYOG gene expression was observed by interaction effect of 0.3 g/kg GAA and Lys20. Overall, the results indicated that improved the performance of broilers was pointed out by adding 0.3 g/kg diet of GAA along with Lys20.
This study investigates the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and high levels of lysine supplementation on performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, and myogenin gene expression (MYOG) in broiler chickens. A total of six hundred Arian day-old broiler chickens were arranged in a completely ran-domized design with a factorial arrangement, comprising 8 treatments, 5 replicates, and 15 chicks in each. Treatments included four levels of GAA (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g/kg diet) and two levels of L-lysine (the Na-tional Research Council (NRC) recommended level and 20% higher than the NRC recommendation [Lys20]). The results showed that a significant effect on increasing body weight and improving the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 0.3 g/kg GAA in diet (P<0.05). A significantly reduced feed intake and im-proved FCR by 20% increase lysine levels in the diet. The significant effect on body weight gain, reduced feed intake, and improved FCR (P<0.05) were observed by 0.3 g/kg GAA along with Lys20. In addition, significantly increased in breast muscle percentage (P<0.05). Blood parameters indicated that increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by adding 1.2 g/kg GAA in diet, while increased HDL levels by Lys20 in this respect. The results showed that the highest level of MYOG gene expression was observed by interaction effect of 0.3 g/kg GAA and Lys20. Overall, the results indicated that improved the performance of broilers was pointed out by adding 0.3 g/kg diet of GAA along with Lys20.
Abudabos A.M., Saleh F., Lemme A. and Zakaria H.A.H. (2014). The relationship between guanidino acetic acid and metabo-lisable energy level of diets on performance of broiler chick-ens. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 13, 548-556.
Baker D.H. )2009(. Advances in protein-amino acid nutrition of poultry. Amino Acids. 37, 29-41.
Bouyeh M. and Gevorgyan O.K. (2011). Influence of excess ly-sine and methionine on cholesterol, fat and performance of broiler chicks. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 10, 1546-1550.
Brosnan M.E. and Brosnan J.T. (2004). Renal arginine metabo-lism. J. Nutr. 134, 2791-2795.
Cemin H.S., Vieira S.L., Stefanello C., Kipper M., Kindlein L. and Helmbrecht A. (2017). Digestible lysine requirements of male broilers from 1 to 42 days of age reassessed. PLoS One. 12, e0179665.
Chang L.L., Xie P., Bu Z., Wang Q., Fu S.Y. and Mu C.Y. (2018). Effect of dietary lysine level on performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices of laying pigeons. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 27, 152-158.
Chrystal P.V., Moss A.F., Khoddami A., Naranjo V.D., Selle P.H. and Liu S.Y. (2020). Effects of reduced crude protein levels, dietary electrolyte balance, and energy density on the per-formance of broiler chickens offered maize-based diets with evaluations of starch, protein, and amino acid metabolism. Poult Sci. 99, 1421-1431.
Córdova-Noboa H.A., Oviedo-Rondón E.O., Sarsour A.H., Barnes J., Sapcota D., López D., Gross L., Rademacher-Heilshorn M. and Braun U. (2018). Effect of guanidinoacetic acid supple-mentation on live performance, meat quality, pectoral myopathies and blood parameters of male broilers fed corn-based diets with or without poultry by-products. Poult. Sci. 97, 2494-2505.
Corzo A., Mcdaniel C.D., Kidd M.T., Miller E.R., Boren B. and Fancher B.J. (2004). Impact of dietary amino acid concentra-tion on growth, carcass yield, and uniformity of broilers. Aus-tralian J. Agric. Res. 55, 1133-1138.
Degroot A.A. (2014). Efficacy of dietary guanidinoacetic acid in broilers chicks. Master Thesis. Illinois, India.
Dilger R.N., Bryant-Angeloni K., Payne R.L., Lemme A. and Parsons C.M. (2013). Dietary guanidino acetic acid is an effi-cacious replacement for arginine for young chicks. Poult. Sci. 92, 171-177.
Dozier III W.A. and Payne R.L. (2012). Digestible lysine re-quirements of female broilers from 1 to 15 days of age. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21, 348-357.
Dozier III W.A., Corzo A., Kidd M.T. and Schilling M.W. (2008). Dietary digestible lysine requirements of male and female broilers from forty-nine to sixty-three days of age. Poult. Sci. 87, 1385-1391.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2009). Safety and Effi-ciency of Guanidino Acetic Acid as Feed Additive for Chick-ens for Fattening. The EFSA J. 988, 1-30.
Emamzadeh E.M., Mazhari M., Ziaei N. and Roudbari Z. (2022). Effect of lysine level on growth performance, carcass charac-teristics, blood metabolites and breast muscle tissue of Ross 308 broilers. J. Anim. Environ. 14, 73-82.
Esser A.F.G., Taniguti T.L., da Silva A.L., Vanroo E., Kaneko I.N., Dos Santos T.C. and Fernandes J.L.M. (2018). Effects of guanidionoacetic acid and arginine supplementation to vegeta-ble diets fed to broiler chickens on performance, carcass yield and meat quality. Semin. Cienc. Agrar. 39, 1307-1318.
Garcia A. and Batal A.B. (2005). Changes in the digestible lysine and sulfur amino acid needs of broiler chicks during the first three weeks posthatching. Poult. Sci. 84, 1350-1355.
Gorman I. and Balnav E.D. (1995). The effect of dietary lysine and methionine on the growth characteristics and breast meat yield of australian broiler chickens. Australian J. Agric. Res. 46, 1569-1577.
Han Y. and Baker D.H. (1994). Digestible lysine requirement of male and female broiler chicks during the period three to six weeks posthatching. Poult. Sci. 73, 1739-1745.
Heger J., Zelenka J., Machander V., De La Cruz C., Lestak M. and Hampel D. (2014). Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplemen-tation to broiler diets with varying energy content. Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendel. Brun. 62, 477-485.
Hekimsoy Z. and Kavalali Oktem I. (2005). Serum creatine kinase levels in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. Endocr. Res. 31, 171-175.
Hilliar M., Keerqin C., Girish C.K., Barekatain R., Wu S.B. and Swick R.A. (2020). Reducing protein and supplementing crys-talline amino acids, to alter dietary amino acid profiles in birds challenged for subclinical necrotic enteritis. Poult. Sci. 99, 2048-2060.
Khajali F., Lemme A. and Rademacher-Heilshorn M. (2020). Guanidinoacetic acid as a feed supplement for poultry. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 76, 270-291.
Khwatenge C.N., Kimathi B.M., Taylor-Bowden T. and Nahashon S.N. (2020). Expression of lysine-mediated neuropeptide hor-mones controlling satiety and appetite in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 99, 1409-1420.
Kidd M.T. and Fancher B.I. (2001). Lysine needs of starting chicks and subsequent effect during the growing period. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 10, 385-393.
Lee C.Y., Song A.A.L., Loh T.C. and Rahim R.A. (2020). Effects of lysine and methionine in a low crude protein diet on the growth performance and gene expression of immunity genes in broilers. Poult. Sci. 99, 2916-2925.
Lemme A., Elwert C., Gobbi R. and Rademacher R. (2011). Ap-plication of the guanidino acetic acid as creatine source in broilers fed diets with or without fish meal. Pp. 453-455 in Proc. 18th European Symp. Poult. Nutr., Ceşme, Turkey.
Michiels J., Maertens L., Buyse J., Lemme A., Rademacher M., Dierick N.A. and De Smet S. (2012). Supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid to broiler diets: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and energy metabolism. Poult. Sci. 91, 402-412.
Mohebbifar A., Torki M. and Abdolmohammadi A. (2017). Ef-fects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on performance, blood parameters and meat quality of male broilers with coldinduced ascites. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 9, 125-133.
Mousavi S.N., Afsar A. and Lotfollahian H. (2013). Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation to broiler diets with varying energy contents. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22, 47-54.
Nasiroleslami M., Torki M., Saki A.A. and Abdolmohammadi A.R. (2018). Effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid and be-taine supplementation on performance, blood biochemical pa-rameters and antioxidant status of broilers subjected to cold stress. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 46, 1016-1022.
Nasr J. and Kheiri F. (2011). Effect of different lysine levels on arian broiler performances. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 10, 32-33.
Nasr J. and Kheiri F. (2012). Effects of lysine levels of diets for-mulated based on total or digestible amino acids on broiler carcass composition. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. 14, 249-258.
Nissen P.M. and Young J.F. (2006). Creatine monohydrate and glucose supplementation to slow- and fast-growing chickens changes the postmortem pH in pectoralis major. Poult. Sci. 85, 1038-1044.
NRC. (1984). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 6th Rev. Ed. Na-tional Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. Na-tional Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Ostojic S.M., Niess B., Stojanovic M. and Obrenovic M. (2013). Co-administration of methyl donors along with guanidinoace-tic acid reduces the incidence of hyperhomocysteinaemia compared with guanidinoacetic acid administration alone. British J. Nutr. 110, 865-870.
Ringel J., Lemme A., Knox A., Mc Nab J. and M.S. Redshaw. (2007). Effects of graded levels of creatine and guanidine ace-tic acid in vegetable based diets on performance and bio-chemical parameters in muscle tissue. Pp. 387-390 in Proc. 16th European Symp. Poult. Nutr., Strasbourg, France.
SAS Institute. (2004). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Stahl C.A., Greenwood M.W. and Berg E.P. (2003). Growth pa-rameters and carcass quality of broilers fed a corn-soybean diet supplemented with creatine monohydrate. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2, 404-408.
Sterling K.G., Pesti G.M. and Bakalli R. (2006). Performance of different broiler genotypes fed diets with varying levels of die-tary crude protein and lysine. Poult. Sci. 85, 1045-1054.
Tian D.L., Guo R.J., Li Y.M., Chen P.P., Zi B.B., Wang J.J. and Liu F.Z. (2019). Effects of lysine deficiency or excess on growth and the expression of lipid metabolism genes in slow-growing broilers. Poult. Sci. 98, 2927-2932.
Tossenberger J., Rademacher M., Németh K., Halas V. and Lemme A.J.P.S. (2016). Digestibility and metabolism of die-tary guanidino acetic acid fed to broilers. Poult. Sci. 95, 2058-2067.
Westreicher-Kristen E., Davin R., Agostini P. and Saremi B. (2025). Effect of different arginine-to-lysine ratios and gua-nidinoacetic acid supplementation on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and breast myopathies in broiler chick-ens. Livest. Sci. 291, 105624-105634.
Zampiga M., Laghi L., Petracci M., Zhu C., Meluzzi A., Dridi S. and Sirri F. (2018). Effect of dietary arginine to lysine ratios on productive performance, meat quality, plasma and muscle metabolomics profile in fast-growing broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 9, 1-14.
Zhai W., Peebles E.D., Schilling M.W. and Mercier Y. (2016). Effects of dietary lysine and methionine supplementation on Ross 708 male broilers from 21 to 42 d of age (I): Growth performance, meat yield, and cost effectiveness. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 25, 197-211.
Zhang L., Li J.L., Gao T., Lin M., Wang X.F., Zhu X.D., Gao F. and Zhou G.H. (2014). Effects of dietary supplementation with creatine monohydrate during the finishing period on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and muscle glycolytic potential of broilers subjected to transport stress. Animal. 8, 1955-1962.
