Comparative Analysis of the Spatial Structure of Traditional Houses in Yazd Using Spatial Syntax: A Case Study of the Hirani and Fateh Houses
محورهای موضوعی : Space Ontology International JournalMohammad Najafi 1 , Masoumeh Yavari 2
1 - Master's in Architecture, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Faculty Member, Khatam University, Architecture, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: Spatial Syntax, Traditional Houses, Yazd Architecture, Privacy and Integration, Courtyard Design,
چکیده مقاله :
This study compares the spatial structure of two traditional houses in Yazd, the Hirani and Fateh houses, through spatial syntax theory. It investigates how the orientation (north-south vs. east-west) affects space organization, accessibility, and the flow of natural light and ventilation. The Hirani House, with a north-south orientation, features a linear layout where public spaces are near the entrance, and private areas are deeper inside, creating a clear spatial hierarchy with more isolation. The Fateh House, oriented east-west, has two central courtyards, promoting openness and interaction between public, semi-private, and private spaces. The courtyards act as intermediaries, reducing spatial segregation and enhancing accessibility. Key findings show that the Hirani House prioritizes privacy, with less visual connection between spaces, while the Fateh House fosters integration and social interaction through its fluid transitions. Both houses respond to Yazd’s climate: the Hirani House’s north-south orientation optimizes sunlight and ventilation for the hot climate, while the Fateh House uses its courtyards to balance airflow and sunlight exposure. This study highlights the cultural and climatic significance of spatial organization in traditional Yazd houses and provides insights into how these design principles can inform modern architecture. The study reveals that traditional spatial arrangements, while addressing social and environmental needs, offer valuable lessons for contemporary architecture, promoting a balance between heritage and modern living requirements.
This study compares the spatial structure of two traditional houses in Yazd, the Hirani and Fateh houses, through spatial syntax theory. It investigates how the orientation (north-south vs. east-west) affects space organization, accessibility, and the flow of natural light and ventilation. The Hirani House, with a north-south orientation, features a linear layout where public spaces are near the entrance, and private areas are deeper inside, creating a clear spatial hierarchy with more isolation. The Fateh House, oriented east-west, has two central courtyards, promoting openness and interaction between public, semi-private, and private spaces. The courtyards act as intermediaries, reducing spatial segregation and enhancing accessibility. Key findings show that the Hirani House prioritizes privacy, with less visual connection between spaces, while the Fateh House fosters integration and social interaction through its fluid transitions. Both houses respond to Yazd’s climate: the Hirani House’s north-south orientation optimizes sunlight and ventilation for the hot climate, while the Fateh House uses its courtyards to balance airflow and sunlight exposure. This study highlights the cultural and climatic significance of spatial organization in traditional Yazd houses and provides insights into how these design principles can inform modern architecture. The study reveals that traditional spatial arrangements, while addressing social and environmental needs, offer valuable lessons for contemporary architecture, promoting a balance between heritage and modern living requirements.
Beyraghshamshir, M., & Sarkardehei, E. (2023). A comparison of the cooling and heating performance of two passive systems of central courtyards and atriums at an elementary school in Yazd City. Solar Energy. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X23000403
Ghorbani, H., Giv, S. N., & Moradi, H. (2022). Spatial Configuration and Social Organization in Shahr-i-Sokhta Architecture Based on the Space Syntax Approach (Case Study: Building 1 from II and III Periods and Building 20 from IV Period). Journal of Research on Archaeometry, 8(1), 115-134. https://www.magiran.com/paper/2505380
Hamedani Golshan, H., Motalebi, G., & Behzadfar, M. (2021). The Relationship between Spatial Configuration and Social Interaction in Tehran Residential Areas: Bridging the Space Syntax Theory and Behavior Settings Theory [Research Paper]. International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning, 31(4), 18-34. https://doi.org/10.22068/ijaup.31.4.539
Hillier, B. (1977). STATE OF MIND. RIBA JOURNAL-ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS, 84(5), 202-202.
Hu, H. J., Luo, Z. X., Chen, Y. N., Bian, Q. Y., & Tong, Z. Y. (2017). INTEGRATION OF SPACE SYNTAX INTO AGENT-BASED PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION IN URBAN OPEN SPACE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2017): PROTOCOLS, FLOWS AND GLITCHES,
Karimimoshaver, M., Gholami, S., Samavatekbatan, A., & Baharipoor, N. (2024). Adaptive Comparison of the Connectivity of Courtyards with the Main Living Spaces in Traditional and Contemporary Houses with the Approach of Space Syntax: a solution to improve the position of the Courtyard in new houses. Space Ontology International Journal, 4(13), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.71879/soij.2024.1119423
Khozaei Ravari, F., Hassan, A. S., Abdul Nasir, M. H., & Mohammad Taheri, M. (2024). The development of residential spatial configuration for visual privacy in Iranian dwellings, a space syntax approach. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 42(4), 672-703. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-05-2021-0080
Kiaee, M., Soltanzadeh, H., & Heidari, A. (2019). Measure the flexibility of the spatial system using space syntax (Case Study: Houses in Qazvin). Bagh-e Nazar, 16(71), 61-76. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1962094
Lawrence, R. J. (1987). Housing, dwellings and homes: Design theory, research and practice. (No Title).
Lu, A. D., Burry, J., & White, M. (2023). High-Definition City: An Invisible Horizon of Technological Human Space. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 93(1), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.2897
Malazi, F. T., Malakavarzamani, A., & sabernejad, j. (2020). Social Logic of Kitchen Space in Vernacular Architecture (Case Study: Qeshm Housing) – Examination and Analysis. Space Ontology International Journal, 3(9), 61-73. http://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/938458
Moqadam, S., & Nubani, L. (2024). From house to home: exploring the spatial expression of social identity on traditional Shiraz houses. ARCHNET-IJAR INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH, 18(1), 81-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-08-2022-0170
Rafieian, M., Alizade, A., & Taghvaei, A. A. (2016). Analysis of Spatial Fragmentation in the Spatial Organization of Yazd Integrated approach using Network Analysis and Space Syntax. Human Geography Research Quarterly, 48(97), 441-459. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1608139
Rafieian, M., & Alizadeh, A. (2017). An Integrated Approach of Spatial Justice and Structure to Detect Spatial Conflicts in Yazd City [Research Paper]. International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning, 27(2), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.22068/ijaup.27.2.105
Shariati, S., Khakzand, M., & Alborzi, F. (2019). Formal-comparative Analysis of the Spatial organization of Student residence Halls Based on their Spatial Threshold Patterns (Case study: Girls Residence Hall Complex in Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin). Space Ontology International Journal, 3(8), 11-29. http://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/938310
Shariati, S., servati, e., & sheijani, z. s. (2024). Explanation of the system dynamics model for altering the balconies in order to improve the efficiency of the common residential plans of the cities of Guilan province based on the space syntax. Space Ontology International Journal, 3(13), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.22094/soij.2024.938613
Siadatian, S., & Pourjafar, M. (2015). Testing the Application of "Justified Plan Graph"(JPG) in Iranian-Islamic Architecture Case Studies: Rasoolian House in Yazd and a House in Masooleh. Naqshejahan- Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, 4(3), 27-39. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1448677
Tabarsa, M., & Hoseini, M. (2019). Comparison of Spatial Structure of Historical Contexts and New Neighborhood Development Based on Space Syntax Technique (Case Study: Gorgan Historical Texture & Farhangian Neigbourhood). Journal of Iranian Architecture and Urbanism, 9(16), 5-16. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1978930
tabibian, m., mostaghim, m., Toghyani, S., & gandomkar, a. (2020). Analysis of sustainable travel pattern in downtown neighborhoods by using a combination of space syntax and GIS (Case study: Districts 1 and 7 Qom city). Space Ontology International Journal, 4(9), 57-75. https://doi.org/10.22094/soij.2020.675074
Tavallaei, S., & Rokhsari, H. (2022). Spatial pattern of tourism behavior in tourist destinations; An analysis of the space syntax of visitors' movements in the historical context of Yazd city. Journal of tourism and development, 11(2), 37-61. https://www.magiran.com/paper/2487765
Varmaghani, H. (2023). Evaluating of the Placing Pattern of Green Squares in the Realization of the Biophilic City (Savannah, USA and Hamedan, Iran) [Research Paper]. International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning, 33(1), 83-105. https://doi.org/10.22068/ijaup.724
Zabihi, A., & Mirzaei, R. (2023). The evolution of privacy in contemporary houses in Iran using space syntax techniques: a case study of Kerman. OPEN HOUSE INTERNATIONAL, 48(1), 55-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-01-2022-0025
