رابطه کارکردهای اجرایی مغز و اضطراب نوجوانان 13 تا 16 سال: مقایسه ورزشکاران و غیرورزشکاران
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات روان شناسی شناختی در ورزش
مهتاب سیفی طرقی
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زهره مشکاتی
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1 - دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران
2 - دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده‌ی تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد اجرایی, اضطراب حالت و صفت, نوجوان, ورزشکار,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف: ورزش و فعالیت بدنی می‌تواند باعث کاهش اضطراب نوجوانان گردد، همچنین بین ورزش و بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی مغز رابطه وجود دارد؛ لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه کارکردهای اجرایی و اضطراب در نوجوانان ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار 13 تا 16 سال شهر اصفهان است.
روش شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی همبستگی بود. جامعه‌ی آماری شامل نوجوانان پسر 13 تا 16 سال شهر اصفهان در سال 1401 بود. نمونه آماری 200 نفر (100 ورزشکار و 100 غیرورزشکار) به‌صورت در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه اضطراب حالت – صفت اسپیلبرگر و آزمون N-Back بود. دادهها توسط آزمون همبستگی و z فیشر با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS 23 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافتهها: نتایج گروه ورزشکاران نشان داد که اضطراب صفت با تعداد پاسخ‌های غلط و میانگین سرعت واکنش در پاسخ‌های صحیح در آزمون ان-بک رابطه معنیداری داشت (P<0/05). همچنین رابطه بین اضطراب حالت با تعداد پاسخ‌های غلط معنیدار به دست آمد (P<0/05). نتایج گروه غیرورزشکاران نشان داد رابطه بین اضطراب صفت و حالت با تعداد پاسخ‌های غلط و با میانگین سرعت واکنش در آزمون ان-بک معنیدار بود (P<0/05). رابطه بین اضطراب و کارکردهای اجرایی در دو گروه نوجوانان ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار معنیدار نبود (P>0/05).
بحث و نتیجهگیری: با توجه به وجود رابطه در برخی از مؤلفههای کارکردهای اجرایی با اضطراب نوجوانان ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار، این نتایج می‌تواند مدنظر روانشناسان، مربیان ورزشی و خانوادهها قرار گیرد.
Introduction: Exercise and physical activity can reduce the anxiety of teenagers, there is also a relationship between exercise and improving the executive functions of the brain; Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between executive functions and anxiety in athletes and non-athletes between 13 and 16 years old in Isfahan city.
Methods: The current research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included boys between the ages of 13 and 16 in Isfahan city in 1401. A statistical sample of 200 people (100 athletes and 100 non-athletes) were selected as available. The research tools were Spielberger's state-trait anxiety questionnaire and N-Back test. Data were analyzed by correlation test and Fisher's z test using SPSS 23 software.
Results: The results of the athletes group showed that trait anxiety had a significant relationship with the number of wrong answers and the average reaction speed in the correct answers in the n-back test (P<0.05). The relationship between state anxiety and the number of wrong answers was significant (P<0.05). The results of the non-athletes group showed that the relationship between trait anxiety and state with the number of wrong answers and with the average reaction speed in the n-back test was significant (P<0.05). The relationship between anxiety and executive functions in two groups of athletes and non-athletes was not significant (P>0.05(.
Conclusion: Considering the existence of a relationship in some components of executive functions with the anxiety of athletes and non-athletes, these results can be considered by psychologists, sports coaches and families.
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