بررسی شایستگی‌های پایه در بین دانش‌آموختگان رشته‌ی مدیریت آموزشی و ارزیابی میزان اثربخشی آن در دانشگاه های دولتی شهر تهران

محورهای موضوعی : آموزش و پرورش

محمد فرزانه ¹ , حسن رضا زین آبادی ² , زهره یزدانی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری رشته مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/04/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/05/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01

کلید واژه: "شایستگی‌های پایه", "دانش‌آموختگان", "مدیریت آموزشی", "دانشگاه‌های دولتی",

چکیده مقاله :

این پژوهش با روش ترکیبی اکتشافی و با هدف شناسایی و بررسی شایستگی‌های پایه‌ای دانش‌آموختگان رشته‌ی مدیریت آموزشی انجام شد. در بخش کیفی، جامعه شامل کلیه خبرگان مدیریت آموزشی بود که با کاربست روش‌های نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله‌ برفی، 15 نفر از دانش‌آموختگان و اساتید مدیریت آموزشی مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها در بخش کیفی با استفاده از مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته و عمیق گردآوری شدند. نتایج تحلیل محتوا و کدگذاری مصاحبه‌ها 40 نشانگر را شناسایی نمود. نشانگرها در قالب 5 بعد شامل «ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی»، «اخلاق حرفه‌ای»، «روابط انسانی»، «زبان انگلیسی» و «سواد فاوا» طبقه‌بندی شد. در بخش کمی، جامعه آماری شامل کلیه دانش‌آموختگان رشته مدیریت آموزشی دانشگاه‌های دولتی شهر تهران بود که تعداد 126 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. بر اساس نشانگان و ابعاد شناسایی شده، پرسشنامه شایستگی‌های پایه با رعایت روایی و پایایی مناسب تدوین شد. در بخش کمی با استفاده از آزمون‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، تی تک‌نمونه‌ای، فریدمن، تحلیل واریانس یک‌راهه و تی برای دو گروه مستقل به تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های پژوهش پرداخته شد. ابتدا، از طریق تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، شایستگی‌ها به 37 شایستگی تقلیل پیدا کرد و تعداد 5 عامل شامل «ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی»، «اخلاق حرفه‌ای»، «روابط انسانی»، «زبان انگلیسی» و «سواد فاوا» شناسایی شد.در گام بعد، نتایج نشان داد که وضعیت مهارت زبان انگلیسی در حد کمتر از میانگین و شایستگی‌های اخلاق حرفه‌ای، سواد فاوا، نگرشی، ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی و روابط انسانی بالاتر از میانگین بودند. نتایج تحلیل واریانس یک‌راهه نشان داد که در بین دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاه‌های دولتی شهر تهران تفاوت معناداری از نظر وضعیت شایستگی‌های پایه وجود نداشت. همچنین، سطح شایستگی‌های پایه دانش‌آموختگان مرد و زن در ابعاد پنج‌گانه با هم برابر بود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The aim of the current exploratory mixed methods research was to investigate basic competencies of the graduates of educational administration. In the qualitative phase, population was consisted of all the educational administration experts. With purposeful sampling and snowball sampling, 15 graduates and professors of educational administration were interviewed. In the quality phase,data were gathered using semi-structured and deep interviews. The results of content analysis and coding of interviews revealed 40 indicators and 5 dimensions including psychological traits, professional ethics, human relationships, English language skills and ICT literacy. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population was included all the Educational Administration graduates at Tehran public universities, who 126 graduates were selected by convenience sampling. Using the identified indicators and dimensions, a valid and reliable questionnaire was developed as Basic Competencies questionnaire. In the qualitative part, the data of the research were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, one sample t-test, ANOVA and independent-samples t-test. First, by implementing exploratory factor analysis, indicators were decreased into 37 indicators and 5 factors (psychological traits, professional ethics, human relationships, English language skills and ICT literacy) were identified. Then, the results show that the English language skills were below-average people, and the psychological traits, professional ethics, human relationships and ICT literacy were higher than the hypothetical average of the research. The results of analysis of variance didn’t show a meaningful difference in terms of the basic competencies among graduates of public universities of Tehran. Furthermore, there were no differences in the basic competencies level of five dimensions among the male and female graduates.

منابع و مأخذ:

-Abdollahi, Bijan & Ghadimi, Farhad. (2015). Evaluating the quality of MA graduated students in the major of educational administration, Journal of teaching in marine sciences, 1(1): 31-51. (in Persian)

-Abdollahi, Bijan., Saeedi, Yasin & Eini, Maryam. (2016). Quality Evaluation of Educational Administration Processes, Journal of managing education in organizations, 4(2): 127-147. (in Persian)

-Arefi, Mahboubeh. (2005). Strategic Curriculum in Higher Education. Tehran: Jahade Daneshgahi Publications, Shahid Beheshti University. (in Persian)

-Azizi, Nematullah. (2004). Education and the job market: preparing young people with necessary competencies and skills. Journal of Social Sciences and Human Sciences of Shiraz University, 20(1): 54-70. (in Persian)

-Beikzadeh, J., Sadeghi, M & Ebrahimpour, D. (2012). A Survey on Effective Organizational Factors on Employees' Professional Ethic Development. Ethics in Science & Technology, 7 (2): 1-9. (in Persian)

-Boahin, P., & Hofman, W. A. (2014). Perceived effects of competency-based training on the acquisition of professional skills. International Journal of Educational Development, 36, 81-89.‏

-Čižiūnienė, K., Vaičiūtė, K., & Batarlienė, N. (2016). Research on Competencies of Human Resources in Transport Sector: Lithuanian Case Study. Procedia Engineering, 134, 336-343.‏

-Cornford, I. R. (1999). Rediscovering the importance of learning and curriculum in vocational education and training in Australia. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 51(1), 93-116.‏

-Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design, choosing among five approaches (2nd edition). California: Sage publication.

-Daniel, J. & Sugar, D. E. (2001). The Graduate Quality of University Experience (G-QUE), Report Based on the Research, Discussions, and Findings of the G-QUE Committee, A Joint Project of the Council of Graduate Students and the Graduate School at The Ohio State University.

-Drucker, P. F. (1993). Post-capitalist society.Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann.

-Durette, B., Fournier, M., & Lafon, M. (2016). The core competencies of PhDs. Studies in Higher Education, 41(8), 1355-1370.‏

-Ejtehadi, Mostafa & Behroozi, Mohammad. (2006). A Study of the Abilities and Capabilities of Graduate Stodents to Meet the Demands of Work Market and Produce a Suitable Framework For Perception. Curriculum Planning, 1(10-11): 1-28. (in Persian)

-Esmaeili Mahani, Hanyeh, Motaharinejad, Hossein & Lesani, Mehdi. (2016). Evaluation of the Importance of the Generic Competencies Required for the Students’ Success in their academic and professional life. Quarterly journal of educational measurement and evaluation studies, 6 (15): 167-197. (in Persian)

-Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh & Shafiee, Zahra. (2007). Quality assessment of adult education curriculum in universities. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 2(5): 1-26. (in Persian)

-García-Alegría e (2012). Core competencies in InternalMedicine. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 23(4):338-341.

-Hedayati, Akbar., Maleki, Hassan., Sadeghi, Alireza & Sadipour, Ismail. (2015). Expected Competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates: a qualitative study. Journal of Modern Thoughts in Education, 10(3): 51-71. (in Persian)

-Herby, Marcella. (2000). From vocational education to work: Representations from two occupational areas. Journal of Vocational Education Research, 25(1): 37-50.

-Hernández-Pina, F., & Monroy, F. (2015). A preliminary study of teachers’ perception of core competencies for undergraduate students. Psicología Educativa, 21(1), 11-16.‏

-Hyman, M. R., & Hu, J. (2005). Assessing faculty beliefs about the importance of various marketing job skills. Journal of Education for Business, 81(2), 105-110.‏

-Jiang, L., & Alexakis, G. (2017). Comparing students' and managers' perceptions of essential entry-level management competencies in the hospitality industry: An empirical study. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 20, 32-46.‏

-Jomeiry, V., Hatami, J., Fathiazar, E & Pakdel fard, M. (2011). Investigation of Architecture`s curriculum in master courses: A qualitative study. Journal of Higher Education Curriculum Stuties, 1(2): 133-11. (in Persian)

-Koenen, A. K., Dochy, F., & Berghmans, I. (2015). A phenomenographic analysis of the implementation of competence-based education in higher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 50, 1-12.‏

-Lee, K. H., & Yoon, D. P. (2011). Factors Influencing the General Well-Being of Low-Income Korean Immigrant Elders. Social Work. 56(3), 269-279.

-Lin, Z., Sweet, R., & Anisef, P. (2003). Consequences and policy implications for university students who have chosen liberal or vocational education in Canada: Labour market outcomes and employability skills. Higher Education Policy, 16(1), 55-85.

-McKimm, J. (2010). Current trends in undergraduate medical education: program and curriculum design. Samoa Medical Journal; 1(2): 40-48.

-Mc Mahon, W. W. (2000). The impact of human capital on non-market outcomes and feedbacks on economic development. The contribution of human and social capital to sustained economic growth and well-being, 4-37.‏

-Memarzadeh, Gholamreza & Aghadavood, Seyyed Rasoul. (2009). Sociological Study of Graduates of Islamic Azad University Its achievements in PHD  Management fields. Journal of social sciences (Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch), 3(7): 21-64. (in Persian)

-Mirkamali, Seyed Mohammad. (1993). An Analysis of the Academic Graduates' Job Capabilities. Qurterly journal of research and planing in higher education, 1(4): 31-38. (in Persian)

-Moameni Mahmouei, Hosein., Kazempoor, Esmaeil & Tafreshi, Mohammad. (2011). Competency-based curriculum An appropriate strategy toward the development of basic competences. Educ Strategy Med Sci. 2011; 4 (3) :143-149. (in Persian)

-Moameni Mahmouei, Hossein., Shariatmadari, Ali &  Naderi, Ezatollah. (2009). Competency-based curriculum in higher education. Scientific journal of educational research, 5(17): 129-156. (in Persian)

-Pillai, S., Khan, M. H., Ibrahim, I. S., & Raphael, S. (2012). Enhancing employability through industrial training in the Malaysian context. Higher Education, 63(2), 187-204.‏

-Saberian, Masoumeh & Haji Aghajani, Saeed. (2003). Study of Job Future of Semnan Nursing School Graduates. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 3 (1): 53-59. (in Persian)

-Salehi Omran, Ebrahim & Rahmani Ghahderijani, Elahe. (2012). A Study of Key Competences in Technical and Vocational Training Programs: A Review of Theoretical Subjects and Experiences of Other Countries. Quarterly Journal of Skill Training, 1 (1): 7-31. (in Persian)

-Shadfar, Hooriyeh., Liaghatdar, M & Sharif, M. (2012). Investigating Conformity Scope of Educational Planning and Administration Curriculum with Students Needs. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 17 (4) :123-146. (in Persian)

-Shakorzadeh, Reza., Maleki, Hassan & Ghassabi, Mehdi. (2015). Quality Assessment of Post-Graduate Curriculum of the Department of Educational Management and Planning. Educational psychology, 10 (34): 67-93. (in Persian)

-Sharafi, Mohammad  & Moghadam, Mina. (2015).  Analysis of the employment status of graduates of educational sciences: case study. Quarterly research on educational leadership & management, 1(2): 167-192. (in Persian)

-Sharpe, R. (2012). Agile University: Building the Innovation and Improvement for a Better Student Experience. In Higher Education SEMINAR. Thursday 15th. www. elementaleadership. co. uk.

-Walter, O., & Craig, I. (2008). Preparing the engineering technology graduate foe the global marketplace. Proceeding of The 2008 IAJC-IJME International Conference.

-Wong, S. C., & Lee, P. C. (2017). Competencies of training professionals in the Hong Kong hotel industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism,16(4), 1-17.‏

-Yarmohammadian, Mohammad Hossein & Salmanizadeh, Maryam. (2006). Students 'and graduates' opinion about curriculum in management and educational planning of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan. A quarterly journal of research in curriculum planning, 9(3):77-86. (in Persian)

-Young C. (2012). Losing a Job: The Nonpecuniary Cost of Unemployment in the United States. Social Forces, 9(2), 609-634.